{"componentChunkName":"component---src-templates-pubs-template-js","path":"/publications","result":{"data":{"allReference":{"edges":[{"node":{"authors":["Alexey Svyatkovskiy","Todd Mytkowicz","Negar Ghorbani","Sarah Fakhoury","Elizabeth Dinella","Christian Bird","Neel Sundaresan","Shuvendu K. Lahiri"],"editor":null,"year":"2021","title":"MergeBERT: Program Merge Conflict Resolution via Neural Transformers","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"CoRR/arXiv (Under Submission)","entry_type":"article","key":"mergebert_arxiv","raw":"@article{mergebert_arxiv,\n  author    = {Alexey Svyatkovskiy and\n               Todd Mytkowicz and\n               Negar Ghorbani and\n               Sarah Fakhoury and\n               Elizabeth Dinella and\n               Christian Bird and\n               Neel Sundaresan and\n               Shuvendu K. Lahiri},\n  title     = {MergeBERT: Program Merge Conflict Resolution via Neural Transformers},\n  journal   = {CoRR/arXiv (Under Submission)},\n  volume    = {abs/2109.00084},\n  year      = {2021},\n  url       = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.00084},\n  eprinttype = {arXiv},\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Elizabeth Dinella","Todd Mytkowicz","Alexey Svyatkovskiy","Christian Bird","Mayur Naik","Shuvendu K. Lahiri"],"editor":null,"year":"2021","title":"DeepMerge: Learning to Merge Programs","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"CoRR/arXiv (Under Submission)","entry_type":"article","key":"deepmerge_arxiv","raw":"@article{deepmerge_arxiv,\n  author    = {Elizabeth Dinella and\n               Todd Mytkowicz and\n               Alexey Svyatkovskiy and\n               Christian Bird and\n               Mayur Naik and\n               Shuvendu K. Lahiri},\n  title     = {DeepMerge: Learning to Merge Programs},\n  journal   = {CoRR/arXiv (Under Submission)},\n  volume    = {abs/2105.07569},\n  year      = {2021},\n  url       = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.07569},\n  eprinttype = {arXiv},\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Denae Ford","Margaret-Anne Storey","Thomas Zimmermann","Christian Bird","Sonia Jaffe","Chandra Maddila","Jenna Butler","Brian Houck","Nachiappan Nagappan"],"editor":null,"year":"2021","title":"A Tale of Two Cities: Software Developers Working from Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"ACM Transactions of Software Engineering and Methodology","entry_type":"article","key":"ford2021tale","raw":"@article{ford2021tale,\n\tauthor = {Denae Ford and Margaret-Anne Storey and Thomas Zimmermann and Christian Bird and Sonia Jaffe and Chandra Maddila and Jenna Butler and Brian Houck and Nachiappan Nagappan},\n\ttitle = {{A Tale of Two Cities: Software Developers Working from Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic}},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tjournal = {ACM Transactions of Software Engineering and Methodology},\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Chandra Maddila","Nachiappan Nagappan","Christian Bird","Georgios Gousios","Arie Deursen"],"editor":null,"year":"2021","title":"ConE: A Concurrent Edit Detection Tool for Large Scale Software Development","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"ACM Transactions of Software Engineering and Methodology","entry_type":"article","key":"maddila2021cone","raw":"@article{maddila2021cone,\n\tauthor = {Chandra Maddila and Nachiappan Nagappan and Christian Bird and Georgios Gousios and Arie van Deursen},\n\ttitle = {{ConE: A Concurrent Edit Detection Tool for Large Scale Software Development}},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tjournal = {ACM Transactions of Software Engineering and Methodology},\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Ei Pa Pa Pe-Than","Alexander Nolte","Anna Filippova","Christian Bird","Steve Scallen","James Herbsleb"],"editor":null,"year":"2021","title":"Corporate Hackathons, How and Why? A Multiple Case Study of Motivation, Projects Proposal and Selection, Goal Setting, Coordination, and Outcomes","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"Human-Computer Interaction (Journal)","entry_type":"article","key":"than2020hackathon","raw":"@article{than2020hackathon,\nauthor = {Pe-Than, Ei Pa Pa and Nolte, Alexander and Filippova, Anna and Bird, Christian and Scallen, Steve and Herbsleb, James},\nyear = {2021},\ntitle = {{Corporate Hackathons, How and Why? A Multiple Case Study of Motivation, Projects Proposal and Selection, Goal Setting, Coordination, and Outcomes}},\njournal = {Human-Computer Interaction (Journal)}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Margaret-Anne Storey","Tom Zimmermann","Christian Bird","Jacek Czerwonka","Brendan Murphy","Eirini Kalliamvakou"],"editor":null,"year":"2020","title":"Towards a Theory of Software Developer Job Satisfaction and Perceived Productivity","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","entry_type":"article","key":"storey2020productivity","raw":"@article{storey2020productivity,\nauthor = {Storey, Margaret-Anne and Zimmermann, Tom and Bird, Christian and Czerwonka, Jacek and Murphy, Brendan and Kalliamvakou, Eirini},\ntitle = {{Towards a Theory of Software Developer Job Satisfaction and Perceived Productivity}},\nyear = {2020},\nmonth = {January},\njournal = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering},\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Sonu Mehta","Ranjita Bhagwan","Rahul Kumar","Chetan Bansal","Chandra Shekhar Maddila","B. Ashok","Sumit Asthana","Christian Bird","Aditya Kumar"],"editor":null,"year":"2020","title":"Rex: Preventing Bugs and Misconfiguration in Large Services Using\n               Correlated Change Analysis","award":null,"booktitle":"17th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation,\n               NSDI 2020, Santa Clara, CA, USA, February 25-27, 2020","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"mehta2020rex","raw":"@inproceedings{mehta2020rex,\n  author    = {Sonu Mehta and\n               Ranjita Bhagwan and\n               Rahul Kumar and\n               Chetan Bansal and\n               Chandra Shekhar Maddila and\n               B. Ashok and\n               Sumit Asthana and\n               Christian Bird and\n               Aditya Kumar},\n  title     = {Rex: Preventing Bugs and Misconfiguration in Large Services Using\n               Correlated Change Analysis},\n  booktitle = {17th {USENIX} Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation,\n               {NSDI} 2020, Santa Clara, CA, USA, February 25-27, 2020},\n  pages     = {435--448},\n  publisher = {{USENIX} Association},\n  year      = {2020},\n  url       = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/nsdi20/presentation/mehta},\n  timestamp = {Wed, 22 Apr 2020 15:53:29 +0200},\n  biburl    = {https://dblp.org/rec/conf/nsdi/MehtaB0BMAABK20.bib},\n  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Jordan Henkel","Christian Bird","Shuvendu K. Lahiri","Thomas Reps"],"editor":null,"year":"2020","title":"A Dataset of Dockerfiles","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Mining Software Repositories","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"henkel2020dockermsr","raw":"@inproceedings{henkel2020dockermsr,\n\tauthor={Jordan Henkel and Christian Bird and Shuvendu K. Lahiri and Thomas Reps},\n\ttitle={{A Dataset of Dockerfiles}},\n\tbooktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Mining Software Repositories},\n\tyear={2020}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Jordan Henkel","Christian Bird","Shuvendu K. Lahiri","Thomas Reps"],"editor":null,"year":"2020","title":"Learning from, Understanding, and Supporting DevOps Artifacts for Docker","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"henkel2020docker","raw":"@inproceedings{henkel2020docker,\n\tauthor={Jordan Henkel and Christian Bird and Shuvendu K. Lahiri and Thomas Reps},\n\ttitle={{Learning from, Understanding, and Supporting DevOps Artifacts for Docker}},\n\tbooktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering},\n\tyear={2020}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Pavneet Singh Kochhar","Eirini Kalliamvakou","Nachiappan Nagappan","Thomas Zimmermann","Christian Bird"],"editor":null,"year":"2020","title":"Moving from Closed to Open Source: Observations from Six Transitioned Projects to GitHub","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","entry_type":"article","key":"kochhar2020moving","raw":"@ARTICLE{kochhar2020moving, \n\tauthor={Pavneet Singh Kochhar and Eirini Kalliamvakou and Nachiappan Nagappan and Thomas Zimmermann and Christian Bird},\n\ttitle = {{Moving from Closed to Open Source: Observations from Six Transitioned Projects to GitHub}},\n\tjournal={{IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering}}, \n\tyear={2020},\n\tmonth={to appear} \n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Sumit Asthana","Rahul Kumar","Ranjita Bhagwan","Christian Bird","Chetan Bansal","Chandra Shekhar Maddila","Sonu Mehta","B. Ashok"],"editor":null,"year":"2019","title":"WhoDo: automating reviewer suggestions at scale","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering\n               Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (Industry Track)","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"asthana2019whodo","raw":"@inproceedings{asthana2019whodo,\n  author    = {Sumit Asthana and\n               Rahul Kumar and\n               Ranjita Bhagwan and\n               Christian Bird and\n               Chetan Bansal and\n               Chandra Shekhar Maddila and\n               Sonu Mehta and\n               B. Ashok},\n  title     = {WhoDo: automating reviewer suggestions at scale},\n  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering\n               Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (Industry Track)},\n  pages     = {937--945},\n  year      = {2019},\n  doi       = {10.1145/3338906.3340449},\n  timestamp = {Fri, 09 Aug 2019 14:13:18 +0200},\n  biburl    = {https://dblp.org/rec/bib/conf/sigsoft/AsthanaKBBBMMA19},\n  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Vladimir Kovalenko","Nava Tintarev","Evgeny Pasynkov","Christian Bird","Alberto Bacchelli"],"editor":null,"year":"2019","title":"Does Reviewer Recommendation Help Developers?","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","entry_type":"article","key":"kovalenko2019revrec","raw":"@ARTICLE{kovalenko2019revrec, \n\tauthor={Vladimir Kovalenko and Nava Tintarev and Evgeny Pasynkov and Christian Bird and Alberto Bacchelli},\n\ttitle = {{Does Reviewer Recommendation Help Developers?}},\n\tjournal={{IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering}}, \n\tyear={2019},\n\tmonth={to appear} \n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Andre N. Meyer","Earl T. Barr","Christian Bird","Thomas Zimmermann"],"editor":null,"year":"2019","title":"Today was a Good Day: The Daily Life of Software Developers","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","entry_type":"article","key":"meyer2019today","raw":"@ARTICLE{meyer2019today, \n\tauthor={Andre N. Meyer and Earl T. Barr and Christian Bird and Thomas Zimmermann},\n\ttitle = {{Today was a Good Day: The Daily Life of Software Developers}},\n\tjournal={{IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering}}, \n\tyear={2019},\n\tmonth={to appear} \n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Brittany Johnson","Thomas Zimmermann","Christian Bird"],"editor":null,"year":"2019","title":"The Effect of Work Environments on Productivity and Satisfaction of Software Engineers","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","entry_type":"article","key":"johnson2019environment","raw":"@ARTICLE{johnson2019environment, \n\tauthor={Brittany Johnson and Thomas Zimmermann and Christian Bird},\n\ttitle = {{The Effect of Work Environments on Productivity and Satisfaction of Software Engineers}},\n\tjournal={{IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering}}, \n\tyear={2019},\n\tmonth={to appear} \n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Saleema Amershi","Andrew Begel","Christian Bird","Robert DeLine","Harald Gall","Ece Kamar","Nachiappan Nagappan","Besmira Nushi","Thomas Zimmermann"],"editor":null,"year":"2019","title":"Software Engineering for Machine Learning: A Case Study","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering (Software Engineering In Practice Track)","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"amershi2018se4ml","raw":"@inproceedings{amershi2018se4ml,\ntitle={{Software Engineering for Machine Learning: A Case Study}},\nauthor={Saleema Amershi and Andrew Begel and Christian Bird and Robert DeLine and Harald Gall \n\tand Ece Kamar and Nachiappan Nagappan and Besmira Nushi and Thomas Zimmermann},\nbooktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering (Software Engineering In Practice Track)},\nyear={2019},\npublisher={IEEE}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Jacek Czerwonka","Michaela Greiler","Christian Bird","Lucas Panjer","Terry Coatta"],"editor":null,"year":"2018","title":"CodeFlow: Improving the Code Review Process at Microsoft","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"ACM Queue","entry_type":"article","key":"codeflow2018","raw":"@article{codeflow2018,\n  author    = {Jacek Czerwonka and\n               Michaela Greiler and\n               Christian Bird and\n               Lucas Panjer and\n               Terry Coatta},\n  title     = {CodeFlow: Improving the Code Review Process at Microsoft},\n  journal   = {{ACM} Queue},\n  volume    = {16},\n  number    = {5},\n  pages     = {20},\n  year      = {2018},\n  doi       = {10.1145/3291276.3292420},\n  timestamp = {Tue, 22 Jan 2019 09:53:50 +0100},\n  biburl    = {https://dblp.org/rec/bib/journals/queue/CzerwonkaGBPC18},\n  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Alexander Nolte","Ei Pa Pa Pe-Than","Anna Filippova","Christian Bird","Steve Scallen","James D Herbsleb"],"editor":null,"year":"2018","title":"You Hacked and Now What?:-Exploring Outcomes of a Corporate Hackathon","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","entry_type":"article","key":"nolte2018you","raw":"@article{nolte2018you,\n  title={{You Hacked and Now What?:-Exploring Outcomes of a Corporate Hackathon}},\n  author={Nolte, Alexander and Pe-Than, Ei Pa Pa and Filippova, Anna and Bird, Christian and Scallen, Steve and Herbsleb, James D},\n  journal={Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction},\n  volume={2},\n  number={CSCW},\n  pages={129},\n  year={2018},\n  publisher={ACM}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Ei Pa Pa Pe Than","Alexander Nolte","Anna Filippova","Christian Bird","Steve Scallen","James Herbsleb"],"editor":null,"year":"2018","title":"Designing Corporate Hackathons With a Purpose","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"IEEE Software","entry_type":"article","key":"than2018designing","raw":"@article{than2018designing,\n  title={{Designing Corporate Hackathons With a Purpose}},\n  author={Than, Ei Pa Pa Pe and Nolte, Alexander and Filippova, Anna and Bird, Christian and Scallen, Steve and Herbsleb, James},\n  journal={IEEE Software},\n  year={2018},\n  month={Early Access},\n  publisher={IEEE}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["P. Devanbu","T. Zimmermann","C. Bird"],"editor":null,"year":"2018","title":"Belief and Evidence: How Software Engineers Form Their Opinions","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"IEEE Software","entry_type":"article","key":"devanbu2018belief","raw":"@ARTICLE{devanbu2018belief,\nauthor = {P. Devanbu and T. Zimmermann and C. Bird},\njournal = {IEEE Software},\ntitle = {{Belief and Evidence: How Software Engineers Form Their Opinions}},\nyear = {2018},\nvolume = {35},\nnumber = {6},\npages = {72-76},\nkeywords={Software development;Software engineering},\ndoi = {10.1109/MS.2018.4321246},\nurl = {doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MS.2018.4321246},\nISSN = {0740-7459},\nmonth={November/December}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Vincent J Hellendoorn","Christian Bird","Earl T Barr","Miltiadis Allamanis"],"editor":null,"year":"2018","title":"Deep learning type inference","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the 2018 26th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"hellendoorn2018deep","raw":"@inproceedings{hellendoorn2018deep,\n  title={{Deep learning type inference}},\n  author={Hellendoorn, Vincent J and Bird, Christian and Barr, Earl T and Allamanis, Miltiadis},\n  booktitle={Proceedings of the 2018 26th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering},\n  pages={152--162},\n  year={2018},\n  organization={ACM}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Miltiadis Allamanis","Earl Barr","Christian Bird","Premkumar Devanbu","Mark Marron","Charles Sutton"],"editor":null,"year":"2018","title":"Mining Semantic Loop Idioms from Big Code","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","entry_type":"article","key":"allamanis2018loopidioms","raw":"@ARTICLE{allamanis2018loopidioms, \n\tauthor={Allamanis, Miltiadis and Barr, Earl and Bird, Christian and Devanbu, Premkumar and Marron, Mark and Sutton, Charles},\n\ttitle = {{Mining Semantic Loop Idioms from Big Code}},\n\tjournal={{IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering}}, \n\tyear={2018}, \n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Austin Z Henley","KIvan\\cc Mu\\cclu","Maria Christakis","Scott D Fleming","Christian Bird"],"editor":null,"year":"2018","title":"CFar: A Tool to Increase Communication, Productivity, and Review Quality in Collaborative Code Reviews","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"henley2018cfar","raw":"@inproceedings{henley2018cfar,\n  title={CFar: A Tool to Increase Communication, Productivity, and Review Quality in Collaborative Code Reviews},\n  author={Henley, Austin Z and Mu{\\c{c}}lu, KIvan{\\c{c}} and Christakis, Maria and Fleming, Scott D and Bird, Christian},\n  booktitle={Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},\n  pages={157},\n  year={2018},\n  organization={ACM}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Eirini Kalliamvakou","Christian Bird","Thomas Zimmermann","Andrew Begel","Robert DeLine","Daniel M. German"],"editor":null,"year":"2018","title":"What Makes a Great Manager of Software Engineers?","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","entry_type":"article","key":"kalliamvakou2018managers","raw":"@ARTICLE{kalliamvakou2018managers, \n\tauthor={Eirini Kalliamvakou and Christian Bird and Thomas Zimmermann and Andrew Begel and Robert DeLine and Daniel M. German},\n\ttitle = {{What Makes a Great Manager of Software Engineers?}},\n\tjournal={{IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering}}, \n\tyear={2018}, \n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Denae Ford","Thomas Zimmermann","Christian Bird","Nachiappan Nagappan"],"editor":null,"year":"2017","title":"Characterizing Software Engineering Work with Personas Based on Knowledge Worker Actions","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"ford2017personas","raw":"@inproceedings{ford2017personas,\n\tauthor = {Denae Ford and Thomas Zimmermann and Christian Bird and Nachiappan Nagappan},\n\ttitle = {{Characterizing Software Engineering Work with Personas Based on Knowledge Worker Actions}},\n\tBooktitle={{Proceedings of the International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement}},\n\tyear={2017},\n\tpublisher={ACM/IEEE}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Laura Macleod","Michaela Greiler","Margaret-Anne Storey","Christian Bird","Jacek Czerwonka"],"editor":null,"year":"2017","title":"Code Reviewing in the Trenches: Understanding Challenges,\n\t\tBest Practices, and Tool Needs","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"IEEE Software","entry_type":"article","key":"macleod2018codereviewing","raw":"@article{macleod2018codereviewing,\n\tauthor = {Laura Macleod and Michaela Greiler and Margaret-Anne Storey\n\t\tand Christian Bird and Jacek Czerwonka},\n\ttitle={{Code Reviewing in the Trenches: Understanding Challenges,\n\t\tBest Practices, and Tool Needs}},\n\tjournal={{IEEE Software}},\n\tpublisher={IEEE Computer Society},\n\tpostdate={4-20-2013},\n\tyear={2017}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Zheng Gao","Christian Bird","Earl T. Barr"],"editor":null,"year":"2017","title":"To Type or not to Type: On the Effectiveness of Static typing for JavaScript","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"gao2017javascript","raw":"@inproceedings{gao2017javascript,\n\tAuthor = {Zheng Gao and Christian Bird and Earl T. Barr},\n\tTitle = {{To Type or not to Type: On the Effectiveness of Static typing for JavaScript}},\n\tbooktitle = {{Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Software Engineering}},\n\tyear\t= {2017},\n\tacceptance = {16\\%},\n\tpublisher = {{IEEE}}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Amiangshu Bosu","Jeffrey C. Carver","Christian Bird","Jonathan Orbeck","Chris Chockley"],"editor":null,"year":"2017","title":"Process Aspects and Social Dynamics of Contemporary Code Review: Insights from Open Source Development and Industrial Practice at Microsoft","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","entry_type":"article","key":"bosu2017review","raw":"@ARTICLE{bosu2017review, \n\tauthor={Amiangshu Bosu and Jeffrey C. Carver and Christian Bird and Jonathan Orbeck and Chris Chockley}, \n\tjournal={{IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering}}, \n\ttitle={{Process Aspects and Social Dynamics of Contemporary Code Review: Insights from Open Source Development and Industrial Practice at Microsoft}}, \n\tyear={2017}, \n\tkeywords={Collaboration;Context;Human factors;Inspection;Instruments;Measurement;Organizations;Code Review;Commercial projects;OSS;Open Source;Peer impressions;Survey}, \n\tdoi={10.1109/TSE.2016.2576451}, \n\tISSN={0098-5589}, \n\tmonth={},\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird"],"editor":"Tim Menzies and Laurie Williams and Thomas Zimmermann","year":"2016","title":"Interviews","award":null,"booktitle":"Perspectives on Data Science for Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"incollection","key":"bird2016interviews","raw":"@incollection{bird2016interviews,\n    Author = {Christian Bird},\n    Editor = {Tim Menzies and Laurie Williams and Thomas Zimmermann},\n    bookTitle = {{Perspectives on Data Science for Software Engineering}},\n    Publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},\n    title = {{Interviews}},\n    Year = {2016}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird"],"editor":"Tim Menzies and Laurie Williams and Thomas Zimmermann","year":"2016","title":"Don't embarrass yourself: Beware of bias in your data","award":null,"booktitle":"Perspectives on Data Science for Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"incollection","key":"bird2016bias","raw":"@incollection{bird2016bias,\n    Author = {Christian Bird},\n    Editor = {Tim Menzies and Laurie Williams and Thomas Zimmermann},\n    bookTitle = {{Perspectives on Data Science for Software Engineering}},\n    Publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},\n    title = {{Don't embarrass yourself: Beware of bias in your data}},\n    Year = {2016}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Maria Christakis","Christian Bird"],"editor":null,"year":"2016","title":"What developers want and need from program analysis: an empirical study","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the 31st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"christakis2016developers","raw":"@inproceedings{christakis2016developers,\n  title={What developers want and need from program analysis: an empirical study},\n  author={Christakis, Maria and Christian Bird},\n  booktitle={Proceedings of the 31st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering},\n  pages={332--343},\n  year={2016},\n  organization={ACM}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Edward K Smith","Christian Bird","Thomas Zimmermann"],"editor":null,"year":"2016","title":"Beliefs, practices, and personalities of software engineers: a survey in a large software company","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"smith2016beliefs","raw":"@inproceedings{smith2016beliefs,\n  title={Beliefs, practices, and personalities of software engineers: a survey in a large software company},\n  author={Smith, Edward K and Christian Bird and Zimmermann, Thomas},\n  booktitle={{Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering}},\n  pages={15--18},\n  year={2016},\n  organization={ACM}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Michael Washburn","Pvithra Sathiyanarayanan","Meiyappan Nagappan","Thomas Zimmermann","Christian Bird"],"editor":null,"year":"2016","title":"What Went Right and What Went Wrong: \n\tAn Analysis of 155 Postmortems from Game Development","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering (Software Engineering in Practice Track)","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"washburn2016games","raw":"@inproceedings{washburn2016games,\nauthor = {Michael Washburn and Pvithra Sathiyanarayanan and Meiyappan Nagappan\n\tand Thomas Zimmermann and Christian Bird},\ntitle = {{What Went Right and What Went Wrong: \n\tAn Analysis of 155 Postmortems from Game Development}},\nbooktitle = {{Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering (Software Engineering in Practice Track)}},\nyear\t= {2016},\n  acceptance = {26\\%},\npublisher = {{ACM}}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Premkumar Devanbu","Thomas Zimmermann","Christian Bird"],"editor":null,"year":"2016","title":"Belief and Evidence in Empirical Software Engineering","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"devanbu2016evidence","raw":"@inproceedings{devanbu2016evidence,\nauthor = {Premkumar Devanbu and Thomas Zimmermann and Christian Bird},\ntitle = {{Belief and Evidence in Empirical Software Engineering}},\nbooktitle = {{Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering}},\nyear\t= {2016},\nacceptance = {19\\%},\npublisher = {{ACM}}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Irene Manotas","Christian Bird","Rui Zhang","David Shepherd","Will Snipes","Ciera Jaspan","Caitlin Sadowski","Lori Pollock","James Clause"],"editor":null,"year":"2016","title":"An Empirical Study of Practitioners' Perspectives\n on Green Software Engineering","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"manotas2016green","raw":"@inproceedings{manotas2016green,\nauthor = {Irene Manotas and Christian Bird and Rui Zhang and\n David Shepherd and Will Snipes and Ciera Jaspan and \n Caitlin Sadowski and Lori Pollock and James Clause},\ntitle = {{An Empirical Study of Practitioners' Perspectives\n on Green Software Engineering}},\nbooktitle = {{Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering}},\nyear\t= {2016},\nacceptance = {19\\%},\npublisher = {{ACM}},\nabstract = {The energy consumption of software is an increasing concern\nas the use of mobile applications, embedded systems, and\ndata center-based services expands. While research in green\nsoftware engineering is correspondingly increasing, little is\nknown about the current practices and perspectives of software\nengineers in the field. This paper describes the first\nempirical study of how practitioners think about energy when\nthey write requirements, design, construct, test, and maintain\ntheir software. We report findings from a quantitative,\ntargeted survey of 464 practitioners from ABB, Google, IBM,\nand Microsoft, which was motivated by and supported with\nqualitative data from 18 in-depth interviews with Microsoft\nemployees. The major findings and implications from the\ncollected data contextualize existing green software engineering\nresearch and suggest directions for researchers aiming to\ndevelop strategies and tools to help practitioners improve\nthe energy usage of their applications.}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Motahareh Bahrami Zanjani","Huzefa Kagdi","Christian Bird"],"editor":null,"year":"2016","title":"Automatically Recommending Peer Reviewers in Modern Code Review","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","entry_type":"article","key":"zanjani2016recommending","raw":"@article{zanjani2016recommending,\n  author    = {Motahareh Bahrami Zanjani and Huzefa Kagdi and Christian Bird},\n  title     = {{Automatically Recommending Peer Reviewers in Modern Code Review}},\n  journal   = {{IEEE} Transactions on Software Engineering},\n  year={2016}, \n  volume={42}, \n  number={6}, \n  pages={530-543}, \n  short_venue = {TSE},\n  postdate = {1-15-2015},\n  publisher = {{IEEE}},\n  month={June},\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["foo"],"editor":"Christian Bird and Tim Menzies and Thomas Zimmermann","year":"2015","title":"The Art and Science of Analyzing Software Data","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":null,"entry_type":"book","key":"bird2015artandscience","raw":"@book{bird2015artandscience,\n\ttitle = {{The Art and Science of Analyzing Software Data}},\n\teditor = {Christian Bird and Tim Menzies and Thomas Zimmermann},\n\tauthor = {{foo}},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpublisher = {Morgan Kauffman}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Juliana Saraiva","Christian Bird","Thomas Zimmermann"],"editor":null,"year":"2015","title":"Products, Developers, and Milestones: How Should I Build My N-Gram Language Model","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the the joint meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on The Foundations of Software\tEngineering (ESEC/FSE) Industry Track","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"saraiva2015ngram","raw":"@inproceedings{saraiva2015ngram,\n  author = {Juliana Saraiva and Christian Bird and Thomas Zimmermann},\n  title = {{Products, Developers, and Milestones: How Should I Build My N-Gram Language Model}},\n  booktitle = {Proceedings of the the joint meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on The Foundations of Software\tEngineering (ESEC/FSE) Industry Track},\n  year = {2015},\n  acceptance = {33\\%},\n  publisher = {{ACM}}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Miltiadis Allamanis","Earl T. Barr","Christian Bird","Charles Sutton"],"editor":null,"year":"2015","title":"Suggesting Accurate Method and Class Names","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the the joint meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on The Foundations of Software\tEngineering (ESEC/FSE)","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"allamanis2015suggesting","raw":"@inproceedings{allamanis2015suggesting,\n  author = {Miltiadis Allamanis and Earl T. Barr and Christian Bird and Charles Sutton},\n  title = {{Suggesting Accurate Method and Class Names}},\n  booktitle = {Proceedings of the the joint meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on The Foundations of Software\tEngineering (ESEC/FSE)},\n  year = {2015},\n  acceptance = {25\\%},\n  publisher = {{ACM}}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Baishakhi Ray","Meiyappan Nagappan","Christian Bird","Nachiappan Nagappan","Thomas Zimmermann"],"editor":null,"year":"2015","title":"The Uniqueness of Changes: Characteristics and Applications","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Mining Software Repositories","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"ray2015uniqueness","raw":"@inproceedings{ray2015uniqueness,\n\tauthor = {Baishakhi Ray and Meiyappan Nagappan and Christian Bird and Nachiappan Nagappan and Thomas Zimmermann},\n\ttitle = {{The Uniqueness of Changes: Characteristics and Applications}},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Mining Software Repositories},\n\tshort_venue = {MSR 2015},\n\tpublisher = {{IEEE}},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpostdate = {3-4-2015},\n    \tacceptance = {30\\%},\n\tabstract = {\n\t\tChanges in software development come in many forms. Some changes are frequent, idiomatic, or repetitive e.g. adding checks for nulls or logging important values) while others are unique. We hypothesize that unique changes are different from the more common similar (or non-unique) changes in important ways; they may require more expertise or represent code that is more complex or prone to mistakes. As such, these unique changes are worthy of study. In this paper, we present a definition of unique changes and provide a method for identifying them in software project history. Based on the results of applying our technique on the Linux kernel and two large projects at Microsoft, we present an empirical study of unique changes. We explore how prevalent unique changes are and investigate where they occur along the architecture of the project. We further investigate developers' contribution towards uniqueness of changes. We also describe potential applications of leveraging the uniqueness of change and implement two of those applications, evaluating the risk of changes based on uniqueness and providing change recommendations for non-unique changes.}\n\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird","Trevor Carnahan","Michaela Greiler"],"editor":null,"year":"2015","title":"Lessons Learned from Building and Deploying a Code Review Analytics Platform","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Mining Software Repositories","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bird2015cfa","raw":"@inproceedings{bird2015cfa,\n\tauthor = {Christian Bird and Trevor Carnahan and Michaela Greiler},\n\ttitle = {{Lessons Learned from Building and Deploying a Code Review Analytics Platform}},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Mining Software Repositories},\n\tpublisher = {{IEEE}},\n\tshort_venue = {MSR 2015},\n    \tacceptance = {30\\%},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpostdate = {3-4-2015},\n\tabstract = {Tool-based code review is growing in popularity and has become a standard part of the development process at Microsoft. Adoption of these tools makes it possible to mine data from code reviews and provide access to it. In this paper, we present an experience report for CodeFlow Analytics, a system that collects code review data, generates metrics from this data, and provides a number of ways for development teams to access the metrics and data. We discuss the design, design decisions and challenges that we encountered when building CodeFlow Analytics. We contacted teams that used CodeFlow Analytics over the past two years and discuss what prompted them to use CodeFlow Analytics, how they have used it, and what the impact has been. Further, we survey research that has been enabled by using the CodeFlow Analytics platform. We provide a series of lessons learned from this experience to help others embarking on a task of building an analytics platform in an enterprise setting.\n\t}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Amiangshu Bosu","Michaela Greiler","Christian Bird"],"editor":null,"year":"2015","title":"Characteristics of Useful Code Reviews: An Empirical Study at Microsoft","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Mining Software Repositories","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bosu2015useful","raw":"@inproceedings{bosu2015useful,\n\tauthor = {Amiangshu Bosu and Michaela Greiler and Christian Bird},\n\ttitle = {{Characteristics of Useful Code Reviews: An Empirical Study at Microsoft}},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Mining Software Repositories},\n\tpublisher = {{IEEE}},\n\tshort_venue = {MSR 2015},\n\tyear = {2015},\n    \tacceptance = {30\\%},\n\tpostdate = {3-4-2015},\n\tabstract = {Over the past decade, both open source and commercial\nsoftware projects have adopted contemporary peer code\nreview practices as a quality control mechanism. Prior research\nhas shown that developers spend a large amount of time and\neffort performing code reviews. Therefore, identifying factors that\nlead to useful code reviews can benefit projects by increasing\ncode review effectiveness and quality. In a three-stage mixed\nresearch study, we qualitatively investigated what aspects of\ncode reviews make them useful to developers, used our findings\nto build and verify a classification model that can distinguish\nbetween useful and not useful code review feedback, and finally\nwe used this classifier to classify review comments enabling us\nto empirically investigate factors that lead to more effective code\nreview feedback.\n<br>\nIn total, we analyzed 1.5 millions review comments from five\nMicrosoft projects and uncovered many factors that affect the\nusefulness of review feedback. For example, we found that the\nproportion of useful comments made by a reviewer increases\ndramatically in the first year that he or she is at Microsoft but\ntends to plateau afterwards. In contrast, we found that the more\nfiles that are in a change, the lower the proportion of comments\nin the code review that will be of value to the author of the\nchange. Based on our findings, we provide recommendations for\npractitioners to improve effectiveness of code reviews.\n}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Motahareh Bahrami Zanjani","Huzefa Kagdi","Christian Bird"],"editor":null,"year":"2015","title":"Using Developer-Interaction Trails to Triage Change Requests","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Mining Software Repositories","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"zanjani2015developer","raw":"@inproceedings{zanjani2015developer,\n\tauthor = {Motahareh Bahrami Zanjani and Huzefa Kagdi and Christian Bird},\n\ttitle = {{Using Developer-Interaction Trails to Triage Change Requests}},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Mining Software Repositories},\n\tpublisher = {{IEEE}},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tshort_venue = {MSR 2015},\n\tpostdate = {3-4-2015},\n    \tacceptance = {30\\%},\n\tabstract = {\n\t\tThe paper presents an approach, namely iHDev,\nto recommend developers who are most likely to implement\nincoming change requests. The basic premise of iHDev is that\nthe developers who interacted with the source code relevant to\na given change request are most likely to best assist with its\nresolution. A machine-learning technique is first used to locate\nsource-code entities relevant to the textual description of a given\nchange request. iHDev then mines interaction trails (i.e., Mylyn\nsessions) associated with these source-code entities to recommend\na ranked list of developers. iHDev integrates the interaction trails\nin a unique way to perform its task, which was not investigated\npreviously.\n<br>\nAn empirical study on open source systems Mylyn and Eclipse\nProject was conducted to assess the effectiveness of iHDev. A\nnumber of change requests were used in the evaluated benchmark.\nRecall for top one to five recommended developers and\nMean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) values are reported. Furthermore,\na comparative study with two previous approaches that use\ncommit histories and/or the source-code authorship information\nfor developer recommendation was performed. Results show\nthat iHDev could provide a recall gain of up to 127.27\\% with\nequivalent or improved MRR values by up to 112.5\\%.\n\t}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Edward K. Smith","Christian Bird","Thomas Zimmermann"],"editor":null,"year":"2015","title":"Build it yourself!  Homegrown Tools in a Large Software Company","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"smith2015homegrown","raw":"@inproceedings{smith2015homegrown,\n    author = {Edward K. Smith and Christian Bird and Thomas Zimmermann},\n    title = {{Build it yourself!  Homegrown Tools in a Large Software Company}},\n    booktitle = {Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Software Engineering},\n    year = {2015},\n    short_venue = {ICSE 2015},\n    publisher = {{IEEE}},\n    acceptance = {19\\%},\n    postdate = {1-20-2015},\n    abstract = {Developers sometimes take the initiative to build tools to solve problems \n\t    they face. What motivates developers to build these tools? What is the value for a company? \n\t    Are the tools built useful for anyone besides their creator? We conducted a qualitative study \n\t    of tool building, adoption, and impact within Microsoft. This paper presents our findings \n\t    on the extrinsic and intrinsic factors linked to toolbuilding, the value of building tools, \n\t    and the factors associated with tool spread. We find that the majority of developers build tools. \n\t    While most tools never spread beyond their creator's team, most have more than one user, and \n\t    many have more than one collaborator. Organizational cultures that are receptive towards \n\t    toolbuilding produce more tools, and more collaboration on tools. When nurtured and spread, \n\t    homegrown tools have the potential to create significant impact on organizations.\n    }\n    \n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Michael Barnett","Christian Bird","Joao Brunet","Shuvendu K. Lahiri"],"editor":null,"year":"2015","title":"Helping Developers Help Themselves: Automatic Decomposition of Code Review Changesets","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"barnett2015helping","raw":"@inproceedings{barnett2015helping,\n    author = {Michael Barnett and Christian Bird and Joao Brunet and Shuvendu K. Lahiri},\n    title = {{Helping Developers Help Themselves: Automatic Decomposition of Code Review Changesets}},\n    booktitle = {Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Software Engineering},\n    year = {2015},\n    publisher = {{IEEE}},\n    short_venue = {ICSE 2015},\n    postdate = {1-20-2015},\n    acceptance={19\\%},\n    abstract = {Code Reviews, an important and popular mechanism\nfor quality assurance, are often performed on a changeset,\na set of modified files that are meant to be committed to a\nsource repository as an atomic action. Understanding a code\nreview is more difficult when the changeset consists of multiple,\nindependent, code differences. We introduce ClusterChanges,\nan automatic technique for decomposing changesets and evaluate\nits effectiveness through both a quantitative analysis and a\nqualitative user study.}\n\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Emerson Murphy-Hill","Thomas Zimmermann","Christian Bird","Nachiappan Nagappan"],"editor":null,"year":"2015","title":"The Design Space of Bug Fixes and How Developers Navigate It","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","entry_type":"article","key":"murphyhill2015design","raw":"@article{murphyhill2015design,\n  author    = {Emerson Murphy-Hill and Thomas Zimmermann and Christian Bird and Nachiappan Nagappan},\n  title     = {{The Design Space of Bug Fixes and How Developers Navigate It}},\n  journal   = {{IEEE} Transactions on Software Engineering},\n  year      = {2015},\n  short_venue = {TSE},\n  postdate = {1-15-2015},\n  publisher = {{IEEE}},\n  abstract = {When software engineers fix bugs, they may have several options as to how to fix those bugs. Which fix they\nchoose has many implications, both for practitioners and researchers: What is the risk of introducing other bugs during the fix?\nIs the bug fix in the same code that caused the bug? Is the change fixing the cause or just covering a symptom? In this paper,\nwe investigate alternative fixes to bugs and present an empirical study of how engineers make design choices about how to fix\nbugs. We start with a motivating case study of the Pex4Fun environment. Then, based on qualitative interviews with 40\nengineers working on a variety of products, data from 6 bug triage meetings, and a survey filled out by 326 Microsoft engineers\nand 37 developers from other companies, we found a number of factors, many of them non-technical, that influence how bugs\nare fixed, such as how close to release the software is. We also discuss implications for research and practice, including how to\nmake bug prediction and localization more accurate.}\n\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Miltiadis Allamanis","Earl T. Barr","Christian Bird","Charles Sutton"],"editor":null,"year":"2014","title":"Learning Natural Coding Conventions","award":"ACM SigSoft Distinguished Paper","booktitle":"Proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"allamanis2014learning","raw":"@inproceedings{allamanis2014learning,\n\tAuthor={Miltiadis Allamanis and Earl T. Barr and Christian Bird and Charles Sutton},\n\tTitle={{Learning Natural Coding Conventions}},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering},\n\tYear={2014},\n\tshort_venue = {FSE 2014},\n\tacceptance={22\\%},\n\tPublisher = {ACM},\n\tAward = {ACM SigSoft Distinguished Paper},\n\tpostdate = {7-3-2014},\n\tabstract = {Every programmer has a characteristic style, ranging from preferences\nabout identifier naming to preferences about object relationships\nand design patterns. Coding conventions define a consistent\nsyntactic style, fostering readability and hence maintainability.\nWhen collaborating, programmers strive to obey a project’s coding\nconventions. However, one third of reviews of changes contain\nfeedback about coding conventions, indicating that programmers\ndo not always follow them and that project members care deeply\nabout adherence. Unfortunately, programmers are often unaware of\ncoding conventions because inferring them requires a global view,\none that aggregates the many local decisions programmers make\nand identifies emergent consensus on style. We present NATURALIZE,\na framework that learns the style of a codebase, and suggests\nrevisions to improve stylistic consistency. NATURALIZE builds on\nrecent work in applying statistical natural language processing to\nsource code. We apply NATURALIZE to suggest natural identifier\nnames and formatting conventions. We present four tools focused on\nensuring natural code during development and release management,\nincluding code review. NATURALIZE achieves 94\\% accuracy in\nits top suggestions for identifier names. We used NATURALIZE to\ngenerate 18 patches for 5 open source projects: 14 were accepted.\n\t}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Ashish Gupta","Thomas Zimmermann","Christian Bird","Nachiappan Nagappan","Thirumalesh Bhat","Syed Emran"],"editor":null,"year":"2014","title":"Mining Energy Traces to Aid in Software Development: An Empirical Case Study","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"gupta2014energy","raw":"@inproceedings{gupta2014energy,\n\tAuthor={Ashish Gupta and Thomas Zimmermann and Christian Bird and Nachiappan Nagappan and Thirumalesh Bhat and Syed Emran},\n\tTitle={{Mining Energy Traces to Aid in Software Development: An Empirical Case Study}},\n\tBooktitle={Proceedings of the International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement},\n\tYear={2014},\n\tpostdate={6-15-2014},\n\tPublisher={ACM/IEEE}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird","Venkatesh Prasad Ranganath","Thomas Zimmermann","Nachiappan Nagappan","Andreas Zeller"],"editor":null,"year":"2014","title":"Extrinsic Influence Factors in Software Reliability: A Study of 200,000 Windows Machines","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering (SEIP Track)","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bird2014rac","raw":"@inproceedings{bird2014rac,\n\tAuthor={Christian Bird and Venkatesh Prasad Ranganath and Thomas Zimmermann and Nachiappan Nagappan and Andreas Zeller},\n\tTitle={Extrinsic Influence Factors in Software Reliability: A Study of 200,000 Windows Machines},\n\tBooktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering (SEIP Track)},\n\tYear={2014},\n\tacceptance={21\\%},\n\tpostdate={3-10-2014},\n\tPublisher = {IEEE}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Shaun Phillips","Thomas Zimmermann","Christian Bird"],"editor":null,"year":"2014","title":"Understanding and Improving Software Build Teams","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"phillips2014build","raw":"@inproceedings{phillips2014build,\n\tAuthor={Shaun Phillips and Thomas Zimmermann and Christian Bird},\n\tTitle={{Understanding and Improving Software Build Teams}},\n\tBooktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering},\n\tYear={2014},\n\tacceptance = {20\\%},\n\tpostdate={1-20-2014},\n\tPublisher = {IEEE}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Kivan\\cc Mu\\cslu","Christian Bird","Nachiappan Nagappan","Jacek Czerwonka"],"editor":null,"year":"2014","title":"Transition from Centralized to Decentralized Version Control Systems: A Case Study on Reasons, Barriers, and Outcomes","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"muslu2014dvcs","raw":"@inproceedings{muslu2014dvcs,\n\tAuthor={Kivan\\c{c} Mu\\c{s}lu and Christian Bird and Nachiappan Nagappan and Jacek Czerwonka},\n\tTitle={{Transition from Centralized to Decentralized Version Control Systems: A Case Study on Reasons, Barriers, and Outcomes}},\n\tBooktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering},\n\tYear={2014},\n\tacceptance = {20\\%},\n\tpostdate={1-20-2014},\n\tPublisher = {IEEE}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Abram Hindle","Christian Bird","Thomas Zimmermann","Nachiappan Nagappan"],"editor":null,"year":"2014","title":"Do Topics Make Sense to Managers and Developers?","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"Empirical Software Engineering","entry_type":"article","key":"hindle2014topics","raw":"@Article {hindle2014topics,\nabstract     = {Large organizations like Microsoft tend to rely on formal requirements\n                documentation in order to specify and design the software products that they\n                develop. These documents are meant to be tightly coupled with the actual\n                implementation of the features they describe. In this paper we evaluate the value\n                of high-level topic-based requirements traceability and issue report traceability\n                in the version control system, using <em>Latent Dirichlet Allocation</em> (LDA).\n                We evaluate LDA topics on practitioners and check if the topics and trends\n                extracted match the perception that industrial Program Managers and Developers\n                have about the effort put into addressing certain topics. We then replicate this\n                study again on Open Source Developers using issue reports from issue trackers\n                instead of requirements, confirming our previous industrial conclusions. We found\n                that efforts extracted as commits from version control systems relevant to a\n                topic often matched the perception of the managers and developers of what\n                actually occurred at that time. Furthermore we found evidence that many of the\n                identified topics made sense to practitioners and matched their perception of\n                what occurred. But for some topics, we found that practitioners had difficulty\n                interpreting and labelling them. In summary, we investigate the high-level\n                traceability of requirements topics and issue/bug report topics to version\n                control commits via topic analysis and validate with the actual stakeholders the\n                relevance of these topics extracted from requirements and issues.},\nauthor       = {Abram Hindle and Christian Bird and Thomas Zimmermann and Nachiappan Nagappan},\nabbrv = {ESE},\npages = {1-37},\njournal      = {Empirical Software Engineering},\nmonth        = {June},\npublisher    = {Springer},\ntitle        = {Do Topics Make Sense to Managers and Developers?},\nurl          = {http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.aspx?id=228976},\nyear         = {2014}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Meiyappan Nagappan","Thomas Zimmermann","Christian Bird"],"editor":null,"year":"2013","title":"Diversity in Software Engineering Research","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the the joint meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on The Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE)","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"nagappan2013diversity","raw":"@inproceedings{nagappan2013diversity,\n\tAuthor = {Meiyappan Nagappan and Thomas Zimmermann and Christian Bird},\n\tTitle = {Diversity in Software Engineering Research},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the the joint meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on The Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE)},\n\tYear = {2013},\n\tAcceptance = {20\\%},\n\tpostdate={6-21-2013},\n\tPublisher = {ACM}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Peter C. Rigby","Christian Bird"],"editor":null,"year":"2013","title":"Convergent Software Peer Review Practices","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the the joint meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on The Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE)","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"rigby2013convergent","raw":"@inproceedings{rigby2013convergent,\n\tAuthor = {Peter C. Rigby and Christian Bird},\n\tTitle = {Convergent Software Peer Review Practices},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the the joint meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on The Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE)},\n\tYear = {2013},\n\tAcceptance = {20\\%},\n\tpostdate={6-22-2013},\n\tPublisher = {ACM}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Brendan Murphy","Christian Bird","Thomas Zimmermann","Laurie Williams","Nachiappan Nagappan","Andrew Begel"],"editor":null,"year":"2013","title":"Have Agile Techniques been the Silver Bullet for Software Development at Microsoft","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"murphy2013agile","raw":"@inproceedings{murphy2013agile,\n    Author = {Brendan Murphy and Christian Bird and Thomas Zimmermann\n    \tand Laurie Williams and Nachiappan Nagappan and Andrew Begel},\n    Title = {{Have Agile Techniques been the Silver Bullet for Software Development at Microsoft}},\n    Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement},\n    Year = {2013},\n    Acceptance = {28\\%},\n    postdate = {7-12-2013},\n    Publisher = {ACM/IEEE}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Earl T. Barr","Christian Bird","Mark Marron"],"editor":null,"year":"2013","title":"Collecting a Heap of Shapes","award":"ACM Distinguished Paper Award","booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"barr2013shapes","raw":"@inproceedings{barr2013shapes,\n\ttitle = {{Collecting a Heap of Shapes}},\n\tauthor = {Earl T. Barr and Christian Bird and Mark Marron},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tacceptance = {25\\% Best Paper Award 2\\%},\n\tpostdate={4-10-2013},\n\taward = {ACM Distinguished Paper Award},\n\tpublisher = {ACM}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Robert Musson","Jacqueline Richards","Danyel Fisher","Christian Bird","Brian Bussone","Sandipan Ganguly"],"editor":null,"year":"2013","title":"Leveraging the Crowd: How 48,000 Users Helped Improve Lync Performance","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"IEEE Software","entry_type":"article","key":"musson2013software","raw":"@article{musson2013software,\n\tauthor = {Robert Musson and Jacqueline Richards and Danyel Fisher and Christian Bird and Brian Bussone and Sandipan Ganguly},\n\ttitle={{Leveraging the Crowd: How 48,000 Users Helped Improve Lync Performance}},\n\tjournal={{IEEE Software}},\n\tpublisher={IEEE Computer Society},\n\tpostdate={4-20-2013},\n\tyear={2013}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Richard Harper","Christian Bird","Thomas Zimmermann","Brendan Murphy"],"editor":null,"year":"2013","title":"Dwelling in Software: aspects of the felt-life of engineers in large software projects","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"harper2013ecscw","raw":"@inproceedings{harper2013ecscw,\n\tauthor={Richard Harper and Christian Bird and Thomas Zimmermann and Brendan Murphy},\n\tTitle={{Dwelling in Software: aspects of the felt-life of engineers in large software projects}},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work},\n\tYear={2013},\n\tpostdate={9-12-2013}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Peter C. Rigby","Earl T. Barr","Christian Bird","Premkumar Devanbu","Daniel M. German"],"editor":null,"year":"2013","title":"What Effect does Distributed Version Control have on OSS Project Organization","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Release Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"rigby2013releng","raw":"@inproceedings{rigby2013releng,\n\tAuthor={Peter C. Rigby and Earl T. Barr and Christian Bird and Premkumar Devanbu and Daniel M. German},\n\tTitle={{What Effect does Distributed Version Control have on OSS Project Organization}},\n\tBooktitle={Proceedings of the International Workshop on Release Engineering},\n\tYear={2013},\n\tpostdate={3-12-2013},\n\tPublisher = {IEEE}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Edward Smith","Robert Loftin","Emerson Murphy-Hill","Christian Bird","Thomas Zimmermann"],"editor":null,"year":"2013","title":"Improving Developer Participation Rates in Surveys","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"smith2013chase","raw":"@inproceedings{smith2013chase,\n\tAuthor={Edward Smith and Robert Loftin and Emerson Murphy-Hill and Christian Bird and Thomas Zimmermann},\n\tTitle={{Improving Developer Participation Rates in Surveys}},\n\tBooktitle={Proceedings of the International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering},\n\tYear={2013},\n\tpostdate={3-13-2013},\n\tPublisher = {IEEE}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Ekrem Kocaguneli","Thomas Zimmermann","Christian Bird","Nachiappan Nagappan","Tim Menzies"],"editor":null,"year":"2013","title":"Distributed Development Considered Harmful?","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on \n\t\tSoftware Engineering (Software Engineering in Practice Track)","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"kocaguneli2013distributed","raw":"@inproceedings{kocaguneli2013distributed,\n\tTitle = {Distributed Development Considered Harmful?},\n\tAuthor = {Ekrem Kocaguneli and Thomas Zimmermann and Christian Bird\n\t\tand Nachiappan Nagappan and Tim Menzies},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on \n\t\tSoftware Engineering (Software Engineering in Practice Track)},\n\tPublisher = {IEEE},\n\tacceptance = {20\\%},\n\tYear = {2013},\n\tpostdate = {2-10-2013}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Murtuza Mukadam","Christian Bird","Peter C. Rigby"],"editor":null,"year":"2013","title":"Gerrit Software Code Review Data from Android","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (Data Track)","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"mukadam2013gerrit","raw":"@inproceedings{mukadam2013gerrit,\n\tAuthor={Murtuza Mukadam and Christian Bird and Peter C. Rigby},\n\tTitle = {Gerrit Software Code Review Data from Android},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (Data Track)},\n\tPublisher = {IEEE},\n\tpostdate={3-20-2013},\n\tYear={2013}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Emerson Murphy-Hill","Thomas Zimmermann","Christian Bird","Nachiappan Nagappan"],"editor":null,"year":"2013","title":"The Design of Bug Fixes","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"murphyhill2013dbf","raw":"@inproceedings{murphyhill2013dbf,\n\tAuthor={Emerson Murphy-Hill and Thomas Zimmermann and Christian Bird and Nachiappan Nagappan},\n\tTitle={The Design of Bug Fixes},\n\tBooktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering},\n\tYear={2013},\n\tacceptance = {18\\%},\n\tpostdate={1-20-2013},\n\tPublisher = {IEEE}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Alberto Bacchelli","Christian Bird"],"editor":null,"year":"2013","title":"Expectations, Outcomes, and Challenges of Modern Code Review","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bacchelli2013eoc","raw":"@inproceedings{bacchelli2013eoc,\n\tAuthor={Alberto Bacchelli and Christian Bird},\n\tTitle={Expectations, Outcomes, and Challenges of Modern Code Review},\n\tBooktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering},\n\tYear={2013},\n\tpostdate={1-20-2013},\n\tacceptance = {18\\% nominated for Distinguished Paper 4\\%},\n\tPublisher = {IEEE}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Chris Parnin","Christian Bird","Emerson Murphy-Hill"],"editor":null,"year":"2012","title":"Adoption and Use of Java Generics","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"Empirical Software Engineering","entry_type":"article","key":"parnin2012auj","raw":"@article{parnin2012auj,\n    Author = {Chris Parnin and Christian Bird and Emerson Murphy-Hill},\n    Title = {{Adoption and Use of Java Generics}},\n    Journal = {Empirical Software Engineering},\n    Publisher = {Springer-Verlag},\n    Year = {2012},\n    postdate={12-6-2012},\n    Pages = {1-43}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Abram Hindle","Christian Bird","Thomas Zimmermann","Nachiappan Nagappan"],"editor":null,"year":"2012","title":"Relating Requirements to Implementation via Topic Analysis: Do Topics Extracted from Requirements Make Sense to Managers and Developers?","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"hindle2012rri","raw":"@inproceedings{hindle2012rri,\n\tAuthor = {Abram Hindle and Christian Bird and Thomas Zimmermann and Nachiappan Nagappan},\n\tTitle = {Relating Requirements to Implementation via Topic Analysis: Do Topics Extracted from Requirements Make Sense to Managers and Developers?},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance},\n\tYear = {2012},\n\tpostdate={6-3-2012},\n\tAcceptance = {25\\%},\n\tPublisher = {IEEE}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird","Thomas Zimmermann"],"editor":null,"year":"2012","title":"Assessing the Value of Branches with What-if Analysis","award":"ACM Distinguished Paper Award","booktitle":"Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bird2012avb","raw":"@inproceedings{bird2012avb,\n\tAuthor = {Christian Bird and Thomas Zimmermann},\n\tTitle = {Assessing the Value of Branches with What-if Analysis},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering},\n\tYear = {2012},\n\tpostdate={6-20-2012},\n\tAcceptance = {17\\% ACM Distinguished Paper Award},\n\taward = {ACM Distinguished Paper Award},\n\tPublisher = {ACM}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Emad Shihab","Christian Bird","Thomas Zimmermann"],"editor":null,"year":"2012","title":"The Effect of Branching Strategies on Software Quality","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"shihab2012ebs","raw":"@inproceedings{shihab2012ebs,\n    Author = {Emad Shihab and Christian Bird and Thomas Zimmermann},\n    Title = {The Effect of Branching Strategies on Software Quality},\n    Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement},\n    Year = {2012},\n    postdate={7-10-2012},\n    Acceptance = {25\\%},\n    Publisher = {ACM/IEEE},\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird","Nachiappan Nagappan"],"editor":null,"year":"2012","title":"Who? Where? What? Examining Distributed Development in Two Large Open Source Projects","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bird2012www","raw":"@inproceedings{bird2012www,\n    Author = {Christian Bird and Nachiappan Nagappan},\n    Title = {Who? Where? What? Examining Distributed Development in Two Large Open Source Projects},\n    Booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories},\n    Year = {2012},\n    postdate={3-18-2012},\n    Acceptance = {28\\%},\n    Publisher = {IEEE},\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Thomas Zimmermann","Christian Bird"],"editor":null,"year":"2012","title":"Collaborative Software Development in Ten Years: Diversity, Tools, and Remix Culture","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the Workshop on The Future of Collaborative Software Development","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"zimmermann2012ccs","raw":"@inproceedings{zimmermann2012ccs,\n    Author = {Thomas Zimmermann and Christian Bird},\n    Title = {{Collaborative Software Development in Ten Years: Diversity, Tools, and Remix Culture}},\n    Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on The Future of Collaborative Software Development},\n    postdate={2-3-2012},\n    Year = {2012},\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Foyzur Rahman","Christian Bird","Premkumar Devanbu"],"editor":null,"year":"2012","title":"Clones: What \\textbfis that Smell?","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"Empirical Software Engineering, An International Journal","entry_type":"article","key":"rahman2012cwt","raw":"@article{rahman2012cwt,\n    Author = {Foyzur Rahman and Christian Bird and Premkumar Devanbu},\n    Title = {{Clones: What \\textbf{is} that Smell?}},\n    Journal = {Empirical Software Engineering, An International Journal},\n    Publisher = {Springer-Verlag},\n    issn = {1382-3256},\n    Year = {2012},\n    postdate={12-11-2011},\n    url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10664-011-9195-3}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Earl T. Barr","Christian Bird","Peter C. Rigby","Abram Hindle","Daniel M. German","Premkumar Devanbu"],"editor":null,"year":"2012","title":"Cohesive and Isolated Development with Branches","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on \n\t\tFundamental Approaches to Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"barr2012cid","raw":"@inproceedings{barr2012cid,\n\tAuthor = {Earl T. Barr and Christian Bird and\n\t\tPeter C. Rigby and Abram Hindle and Daniel M. German\n\t\t\tand Premkumar Devanbu},\n\tTitle = {{Cohesive and Isolated Development with Branches}},\n\tYear = {2012},\n\tBooktitle = {{Proceedings of the International Conference on \n\t\tFundamental Approaches to Software Engineering}},\n\tPublisher = {Springer},\n\tpostdate={1-10-2012},\n\tAcceptance = {24\\%}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Tim Menzies","Christian Bird","Tom Zimmermann","Wolfram Schulte","Ekrem Kocaguneli"],"editor":null,"year":"2011","title":"The Inductive Software Engineering Manifesto: Principles for Industrial Data Mining","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Machine Learning Technologies in Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"menzies2011ise","raw":"@inproceedings{menzies2011ise,\n\tAuthor = {Tim Menzies and Christian Bird and \n\t\tTom Zimmermann and Wolfram Schulte and Ekrem Kocaguneli},\n\tTitle = {{The Inductive Software Engineering Manifesto: Principles for Industrial Data Mining}},\n\tbooktitle = {{Proceedings of the International Workshop on Machine Learning Technologies in Software Engineering}},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpostdate={10-23-2011},\n\tpublisher = {ACM}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird"],"editor":null,"year":"2011","title":"Sociotechnical Coordination and Collaboration in Open Source Software","award":null,"booktitle":"Doctoral Symposium, Proceedings of the 27th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bird2011scc","raw":"@inproceedings{bird2011scc,\n\tAuthor = {Christian Bird},\n\ttitle = {{Sociotechnical Coordination and Collaboration in Open Source Software}},\n\tbooktitle = {{Doctoral Symposium, Proceedings of the 27th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance}},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tlocation = {Williamsburg, VA, USA},\n\tabbrv = {ICSM 11},\n\tpublisher = {IEEE},\n\tpostdate={7-10-2011},\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Andreas Zeller","Thomas Zimmermann","Christian Bird"],"editor":null,"year":"2011","title":"Failure is a Four Letter Word: A Parody in Empirical Research","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Predictor\n\t\tModels in Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"zeller2011ffl","raw":"@inproceedings{zeller2011ffl,\n\tAuthor = {Andreas Zeller and Thomas Zimmermann and Christian Bird},\n\ttitle = {{Failure is a Four Letter Word: A Parody in Empirical Research}},\n\tbooktitle = {{Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Predictor\n\t\tModels in Software Engineering}},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tLocation = {Banff, Canada},\n\tpostdate={7-13-2011}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Qiaona Hong","Sunghun Kim","S. C. Cheung","Christian Bird"],"editor":null,"year":"2011","title":"Understanding a Developer Social Network and its Evolution","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the 27th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"hong2011uds","raw":"@inproceedings{hong2011uds,\n\tAuthor = {Qiaona Hong and Sunghun Kim and S. C. Cheung and Christian Bird},\n\ttitle = {{Understanding a Developer Social Network and its Evolution}},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance},\n\tYear = {2011},\n\tAcceptance = {28\\%},\n\tabbrv = {ICSM 11},\n\tpublisher = {IEEE},\n\tLocation = {Williamsburg, VA, USA}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird","Nachiappan Nagappan","Brendan Murphy","Harald Gall","Premkumar Devanbu"],"editor":null,"year":"2011","title":"Don't Touch My Code! Examining the Effects of Ownership on Software Quality ","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the the eighth joint meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on The Foundations of Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bird2011dtm","raw":"@inproceedings{bird2011dtm,\n\tAuthor = {Christian Bird and Nachiappan Nagappan and Brendan Murphy and Harald Gall and Premkumar Devanbu},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the the eighth joint meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on The Foundations of Software Engineering},\n\tLocation = {Szeged, Hungary},\n\tTitle = {{Don't Touch My Code! Examining the Effects of Ownership on Software Quality} },\n\tYear = {2011},\n\tacceptance = {17\\%},\n\tpublisher = {ACM},\n\tabbrv = {ESEC/FSE 11},\n\tpdf = {bird2011dtm.pdf},\n\tabstract = {Ownership is a key aspect of large-scale software \ndevelopment. We examine the relationship between different \nownership measures and software failures in two large software\nprojects: Windows Vista and Windows 7. We find that in all\ncases, measures of ownership such as the number of\nlow-expertise developers, and the proportion of ownership\nfor the top owner have a relationship with both pre-release\nfaults and post-release failures. We also empirically identify \nreasons that low-expertise developers make changes to\ncomponents and show that the removal of low-expertise \ncontributions dramatically decreases the performance of \ncontribution based defect prediction. Finally we provide \nrecommendations for source code change policies and utilization\nof resources such as code inspections based on our results.}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Chris Parnin","Christian Bird","Emerson Murphy-Hill"],"editor":null,"year":"2011","title":"Java Generics Adoption: How New Features are Introduceded, Champion, or Ignored","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"parnin2011jga","raw":"@inproceedings{parnin2011jga,\n   Author = {Chris Parnin and Christian Bird and Emerson Murphy-Hill},\n   Title = {{Java Generics Adoption: How New Features are Introduceded, Champion, or Ignored}},\n   BookTitle = {Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories},\n   Year = {2011},\n   pdf = {parnin2011jga},\n   acceptance = {33\\%, invited to Journal special issue: 10\\%},\n   Abstract = {\nSupport for generic programming was added to the Java language in 2004,\nrepresenting perhaps the most significant change to one of the most widely used\nprogramming lan- guages today. Researchers and language designers antici- pated\nthis this addition would relieve many long-standing problems plaguing\ndevelopers, but surprisingly, no one has yet measured whether generics actually\nprovide such relief. In this paper, we report on the first empirical\ninvestigation into how Java generics have been integrated into open source\nsoftware by automatically mining the history of 20 popular open source Java\nprograms, traversing more than 500 million lines of code in the process. We\nevaluate five hypotheses, each based on assertions made by prior researchers,\nabout how Java developers use generics. For example, our results suggest that\ngenerics do not significantly reduce the number of type casts and that generics\nare usually adopted by a single champion in a project, rather than all\ncommitters.},\n\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird","Thomas Zimmermann","Alex Teterev"],"editor":null,"year":"2011","title":"A Theory of Branches as Goals and Virtual Teams","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bird2011tbg","raw":"@inproceedings{bird2011tbg,\n    Author = {Christian Bird and Thomas Zimmermann and Alex Teterev},\n    Title = {{A Theory of Branches as Goals and Virtual Teams}},\n    Booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering},\n    Year = {2011},\n    pdf = {bird2011tbg.pdf},\n    Abstract = {\n\tA common method of managing the complexity of both technical and organizational\n\trelationships in a large software project is to use branches within the source\n\tcode management system to partition the work into teams and tasks. We claim\n\tthat the files modified on a branch are changed together in a cohesive way to\n\taccomplish some task such as adding a feature, fixing a related set of bugs, or\n\timplementing a subsystem, which we collectively refer to as the goal of the\n\tbranch. Further, the developers that work on a branch represent a virtual team.\n\tIn this paper, we develop a theory of the relationship between goals and\n\tvirtual teams on different branches. Due to expertise, ownership, and awareness\n\tconcerns, we expect that if two branches have similar goals, they will also\n\thave similar virtual teams or be at risk for communication and coordination\n\tbreakdowns with the accompanying negative effects. In contrast, we do not\n\texpect the converse to always be true. In the first step towards an actionable\n\tresult, we have evaluated this theory empirically on two releases of the\n\tWindows operating system and found support in both.\n    }\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird","Brendan Murphy","Nachiappan Nagappan","Thomas Zimmermann"],"editor":null,"year":"2011","title":"Empirical Software Engineering at Microsoft Research","award":null,"booktitle":"Showcase Track, Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bird2011ese","raw":"@inproceedings{bird2011ese,\n\tAuthor = {Christian Bird and Brendan Murphy and Nachiappan Nagappan and Thomas Zimmermann},\n\ttitle = {{Empirical Software Engineering at Microsoft Research}},\n\tBooktitle = {Showcase Track, Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work},\n\tPublisheer = {ACM},\n\tyear = {2011}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Earl Barr","Christian Bird","Eric Hyatt","Tim Menzies","Gregorio Robles"],"editor":null,"year":"2010","title":"On the Shoulders of Giants","award":null,"booktitle":"FSE/SDP Workshop on the Future of Software Engineering Research","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"barr2010sg","raw":"@inproceedings{barr2010sg,\n    Author = {Earl Barr and Christian Bird and Eric Hyatt and Tim Menzies and Gregorio Robles},\n    Title = {{On the Shoulders of Giants}},\n    Booktitle = {{FSE/SDP Workshop on the Future of Software Engineering Research}},\n    Year = {2010},\n    acceptance = {65\\%},\n    pdf = {barr2010sg.pdf},\n    Abstract = {\n\n    Science rests on peer review and the wide-spread dissemination of\n        knowledge.  Software engineering research will advance further and\n        faster if the sharing of data and tools were easier and more\n        wide-spread.  Pragmatic concerns hinder the realization of this ideal:\n        the time and effort required and the risk of being scooped.  We examine\n        the costs and benefits of facilitating sharing in our field in an\n        effort to help the community understand what problems exist and find a\n        solution.  We examine how other fields, such as medicine and physics,\n    handle sharing, describe the value of sharing for replication and\n        innovation, and address practical concerns such as standards and\n        warehousing.  To launch what we hope will become an ongoing discussion\n        of solutions in our community, we present some ways forward that\n        mitigate the risk of sharing --- partial sharing, registry, escrow, and\n        market.\n    }\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird","Adrian Bachmann","Foyzur Rahman","Abraham Bernstein"],"editor":null,"year":"2010","title":"Linkster: Enabling Efficient Manual Mining","award":null,"booktitle":"Demonstration Track, Proceedings of the 17th SIGSOFT Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bird2010lee","raw":"@inproceedings{bird2010lee,\n    Author = {Christian Bird and Adrian Bachmann and Foyzur Rahman and Abraham Bernstein},\n    Title = {{Linkster: Enabling Efficient Manual Mining}},\n    Booktitle = {Demonstration Track, Proceedings of the 17th SIGSOFT Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering},\n\tPublisher = {ACM},\n\tYear = {2010},\n\tacceptance = {accepted for formal demonstration, 21\\%},\n\tabbrv = {FSE 10},\n    pdf = {bird2010lee.pdf},\n    Abstract = {\n\n    While many uses of mined software engineering data are automatic in nature,\n    some techniques and studies either require, or can be improved, by manual\n    methods.  Unfortunately, manually inspecting, analyzing, and annotating\n    mined data can be difficult and tedious, especially when information\n    from multiple sources must be integrated.  Oddly, while there are\n    numerous tools and frameworks for automatically mining and analyzing\n    data, there is a dearth of tools which facilitate manual methods.  To\n    fill this void, we have developed Linkster, a tool which integrates\n    data from bug databases, source code repositories, and mailing list\n    archives to allow manual inspection and annotation.  Linkster has\n    already been used successfully by an OSS project lead to obtain data\n    for one empirical study.\n\n    }\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird"],"editor":"Andy Oram and Greg Wilson","year":"2010","title":"Conway's Corollary","award":null,"booktitle":"Making Software: What Really Works, and Why We Believe It","journal":null,"entry_type":"incollection","key":"bird2010cc","raw":"@incollection{bird2010cc,\n    Author = {Christian Bird},\n    Editor = {Andy Oram and Greg Wilson},\n    bookTitle = {{Making Software: What Really Works, and Why We Believe It}},\n    Publisher = {O'Reilly},\n    title = {{Conway's Corollary}},\n    Year = {2010},\n    Link = {http://books.google.com/books?id=DxuGi5h2-HEC&lpg=PA205&ots=0VqzngTdqU&dq=making\\%20software\\%20conway's\\%20corollary&pg=PA187#v=onepage&q=making\\%20software\\%20conway's\\%20corollary&f=false}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Adrian Bachmann","Christian Bird","Foyzur Rahman","Premkumar Devanbu","Abraham Bernstein"],"editor":null,"year":"2010","title":"The Missing Links: Bugs and Bug-fix Commits","award":null,"booktitle":"SIGSOFT '10/FSE-18: Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium  on Foundations of Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bachmann2010mlb","raw":"@inproceedings{bachmann2010mlb,\n    Author = {Adrian Bachmann and Christian Bird and Foyzur Rahman and \n        Premkumar Devanbu and Abraham Bernstein},\n    Title = {{The Missing Links: Bugs and Bug-fix Commits}},\n\tBooktitle = {SIGSOFT '10/FSE-18: Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium  on Foundations of Software Engineering},\n\tPublisher = {ACM},\n\tYear = {2010},\n\tacceptance = {20\\%},\n\tabbrv = {FSE 10},\n\tpdf = {bachman2010mlb.pdf},\n    Abstract = {\n    Empirical studies of software defects rely on links between bug databases and\n    program code repositories.  This linkage is typically based on bug-fixes\n    identified in manually-entered commit logs.  Unfortunately, developers do not\n    always report which commits perform bug-fixes.  Prior work suggests that such\n    links can be a biased sample of the entire population of fixed bugs.  The\n    validity of statistical hypotheses-testing  based on linked data could well be\n    affected by bias.  Given the  wide use of  linked defect data, it is vital to\n    gauge the nature and extent of the bias, and try to develop testable theories\n    and models of the bias.  To do this, we must establish ground truth:\n    manually analyze a complete version history corpus, and nail down those commits\n    that fix defects, and those that are not.  This is a difficult task, requiring\n    an expert to compare versions, analyze changes,  find related bugs in the bug\n    database, reverse-engineer missing links, and finally record their work for use\n    later. This  effort must be repeated for hundreds of commits to obtain a useful\n    sample of reported and unreported bug-fix commits.  We make several\n    contributions.  First, we present Linkageur, a tool to facilitate link\n    reverse-engineering.  Second, we evaluate this tool, engaging a core developer\n    of the Apache Webserver project to exhaustively annotate over all five hundred\n    commits that occurred during a six week period.  Finally, we analyze this\n    comprehensive data set, showing that there are serious and consequential\n    problems in the data. \n    }\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Daryl Posnett","Christian Bird","Premkumar Devanbu"],"editor":null,"year":"2010","title":"Thex: Mining Metapatterns in Java","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the Seventh Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"posnett2010tmm","raw":"@inproceedings{posnett2010tmm,\n    Author = {Daryl Posnett and Christian Bird and Premkumar Devanbu},\n    Title = {{Thex: Mining Metapatterns in Java}},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories},\n\tpublisher = {IEEE Computer Society},\n\tlocation = {Cape Town, South Africa},\n\tacceptance = {31\\%},\n    Year = {2010},\n\tabbrv = {MSR 10},\n\tdate = {3-23-2010},\n\tpdf = {posnett2010tmm.pdf},\n    abstract = {\n        Design patterns are codified solutions to common object-oriented design\n            (OOD) problems in software development.  One of the proclaimed\n            benefits of the use of design patterns is that they decouple\n            functionality and enable different parts of a system to change\n            frequently without undue disruption throughout the system.  These\n            OOD  patterns have received a wealth of attention in the research\n            community since their introduction; however, identifying them in\n            source code is a difficult problem.  In contrast, metapatterns have\n            similar effects on software design, by enabling portions of the\n            system to be extended or modified easily, but are purely structural\n            in nature, and thus easier to detect.  Our long-term goal is to\n            evaluate the effects of  different OOD patterns on coordination in\n            software teams as well as outcomes such as developer productivity\n            and software quality.  In this paper we present Thex, a metapattern\n            detector which scales to large codebases and works on any Java\n            bytecode.  We evaluate Thex by examining its performance on\n            codebases with known design patterns (and therefore metapatterns)\n            and find that it performs quite well, with recall of over 90\\%.\n\n    }\n\n        \n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Foyzur Rahman","Christian Bird","Premkumar Devanbu"],"editor":null,"year":"2010","title":"Clones: What \\emphis that Smell?","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the fourth International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"rahman2010cws-esem","raw":"@inproceedings{rahman2010cws-esem,\n    Author = {Foyzur Rahman and Christian Bird and Premkumar Devanbu},\n    Title = {{Clones: What \\emph{is} that Smell?}},\n    html_title = {{Clones: What <em>is</em> that Smell?}},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the fourth International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement},\n\tpublisher = {IEEE Computer Society},\n\tlocation = {Bolzano, Italy},\n\tacceptance = {invited paper},\n    Year = {2010},\n    date = {9-16-2010},\n    abbrv = {ESEM 10},\n\tpdf = {rahman2010cws.pdf},\n    html_abstract = {\n        Clones are generally considered bad programming practice in software\n        engineering folklore. They are identified as a bad smell and a\n        major contributor to project maintenance difficulties. Clones\n        inherently cause code bloat, thus increasing project size and\n        maintenance costs. In this work, we try to validate the\n        conventional wisdom empirically to see whether cloning makes code\n        more defect prone.\n<br>\n        This paper analyses relationship between cloning and defect proneness.\n        We find that, first,  the great majority of bugs are not significantly\n        associated with clones. Second, we find that clones may be less defect\n        prone than non-cloned code.  Finally,  we find little evidence that\n        clones with more copies are actually more error prone.  Our findings\n        don't support the claim that clones are really a \"bad smell\".  Perhaps\n        we can clone, <em>and</em> breathe easy, at the same time.  \n    }\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Foyzur Rahman","Christian Bird","Premkumar Devanbu"],"editor":null,"year":"2010","title":"Clones: What \\emphis that Smell?","award":"MSR Best Paper Award","booktitle":"Proceedings of the Seventh Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"rahman2010cws","raw":"@inproceedings{rahman2010cws,\n    Author = {Foyzur Rahman and Christian Bird and Premkumar Devanbu},\n    Title = {{Clones: What \\emph{is} that Smell?}},\n    html_title = {{Clones: What is that Smell?}},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories},\n\tpublisher = {IEEE Computer Society},\n\tlocation = {Cape Town, South Africa},\n\tacceptance = {31\\% Best Paper Award 1\\%},\n    Year = {2010},\n    date = {3-16-2010},\n    abbrv = {MSR 10},\n\tpdf = {rahman2010cws.pdf},\n\taward = {MSR Best Paper Award},\n    abstract = {\n        Clones are generally considered bad programming practice in software\n        engineering folklore. They are identified as a bad smell and a\n        major contributor to project maintenance difficulties. Clones\n        inherently cause code bloat, thus increasing project size and\n        maintenance costs. In this work, we try to validate the\n        conventional wisdom empirically to see whether cloning makes code\n        more defect prone.\n\t<br>\n        This paper analyses relationship between cloning and defect proneness.\n        We find that, first,  the great majority of bugs are not significantly\n        associated with clones. Second, we find that clones may be less defect\n        prone than non-cloned code.  Finally,  we find little evidence that\n        clones with more copies are actually more error prone.  Our findings\n        don't support the claim that clones are really a \"bad smell\".  Perhaps\n        we can clone, and breathe easy, at the same time.  \n    }\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Roozbeh Nia","Christian Bird","Premkumar Devanbu","Vladimir Filkov"],"editor":null,"year":"2010","title":"Validity of Network Analyses in Open Source Projects","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the Seventh Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"nia2010vna","raw":"@inproceedings{nia2010vna,\n    Author = {Roozbeh Nia and Christian Bird and Premkumar Devanbu and Vladimir Filkov},\n    title = {Validity of Network Analyses in Open Source Projects},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories},\n\tpublisher = {IEEE Computer Society},\n\tacceptance = {31\\%},\n\tlocation = {Cape Town, South Africa},\n    pdf = {nia2010vna.pdf},\n    year={2010},\n    date = {3-16-2010},\n    abbrv = {MSR 10},\n    abstract = {\n\n    Social  network  methods are frequently used to analyze networks derived\n        from Open Source Project communication and collaboration data. Such\n        studies typically discover patterns in the information flow between\n        contributors or contributions in these projects. Social network metrics\n        have also been used to predict defect occurrence.  However, such\n        studies often ignore or side-step the issue of whether (and in what\n        way) the metrics and networks of study are influenced by\n        inadequate or missing data.\n<br>\n    In previous studies email archives of OSS projects have provided a useful\n    trace of the communication and co-ordination activities of the\n    participants.  These traces have been used to construct social networks\n    that are then subject to various types of analysis.  However, during the\n    construction of these networks, some assumptions are made, that may not\n    always hold; this leads to incomplete, and sometimes incorrect networks.\n    THe question then becomes, do these errors affect the validity of the\n    ensuing analysis?  In this paper we specifically examine the stability of\n    network metrics in the presence of inadequate and missing data. The issues\n    that we study are: 1) the effect of paths with broken information flow\n    (i.e. consecutive edges which are out of temporal order) on measures of\n    centrality of nodes in the network, and 2) the effect of missing links on\n    such measures. We demonstrate on three different OSS projects that while\n    these issues do change network topology, the metrics used in the analysis\n    are stable with respect to such changes. \n\n    }\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Daryl Posnett","Christian Bird","Premkumar Devanbu"],"editor":null,"year":"2010","title":"An Empirical Study on the Influence of Pattern Roles on Change-Proneness","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"Empirical Software Engineering, An International Journal","entry_type":"article","key":"posnett2010esi","raw":"@article{posnett2010esi,\n    Author = {Daryl Posnett and Christian Bird and Premkumar Devanbu},\n    Title = {{An Empirical Study on the Influence of Pattern Roles on Change-Proneness}},\n    Journal = {Empirical Software Engineering, An International Journal},\n\tPublisher = {Springer-Verlag},\n    issn = {1382-3256},\n    Year = {2010},\n    abbrv = {ESE},\n    date = {1-23-2011},\n    pages = {1-28},\n    url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10664-010-9148-2},\n\tabstract = {\n\t\t\n\tIdentifying change-prone sections of code can help managers plan and allocate\n\tmaintenance effort. Design patterns have been used to study\n\tchange-proneness and are widely believed to support certain kinds of\n\tchanges, while inhibiting others. Recently, several studies have analyzed\n\trecorded changes to classes playing design pattern roles and find that the\n\tpatterns \"folklore\" offers a reasonable explanation for the reality:\n\tcertain pattern roles do seem to be less change-prone than others. We push\n\tthis analysis on two fronts: first, we deploy W. Pree's metapatterns, which\n\tgroup patterns purely by structure (rather than intent), and argue that\n\tmetapatterns are a simpler model to explain recent findings by Di Penta et\n\tal. (2008). Second, we study the effect of the size of the classes playing\n\tthe design pattern and metapattern roles. We find that size explains more\n\tof the variance in change-proneness than either design pattern or\n\tmetapattern roles. We also find that both design pattern and metapattern\n\troles were strong determinants of size. We conclude, therefore, that size\n\tappears to be a stronger determinant of change-proneness than either design\n\tpattern or metapattern roles, and observed differences in change-proneness\n\tbetween roles might be due to differences in the sizes of the classes\n\tplaying those roles. The size of a class can be found much more quickly,\n\teasily and accurately than its pattern-roles. Thus, while identifying design\n\tpattern roles may be important for other reasons, as far as identifying\n\tchange-prone classes, sheer size might be a better indicator.\n\n\t}\n\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird","Nachiappan Nagappan","Premkumar Devanbu","Harald Gall","Brendan Murphy"],"editor":null,"year":"2009","title":"Putting it All Together: Using Socio-Technical Networks to Predict Failures ","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bird2009pat","raw":"@inproceedings{bird2009pat,\n\tAuthor = {Christian Bird and Nachiappan Nagappan and Premkumar Devanbu and Harald Gall and Brendan Murphy},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering},\n\tTitle = {{Putting it All Together: Using Socio-Technical Networks to Predict Failures} },\n\tpublisher = {IEEE Computer Society},\n\tYear = {2009},\n\tacceptance = {25\\%},\n\tlocation = {Bengaluru-Mysuru, India},\n\tabbrv={ISSRE 09},\n\tdate = {10-3-2009},\n\tpdf = {bird2009pat.pdf},\n\tabstract = {Studies have shown that social factors in development organizations have a\ndramatic effect on software quality.  Separately,  program dependency\ninformation has also been used successfully to predict which software components\nare more fault prone. Interestingly, the influence of these two phenomena  have\nonly been studied separately.  Intuition and practical experience suggests,\nhowever, that task assignment (i.e. who worked on which components and how\nmuch) and dependency structure (which components have dependencies on others)\ntogether interact to  influence the quality of the resulting software.  We\nstudy the influence of  combined socio-technical software networks on\nthe fault-proneness of individual software components within a system.  The\nnetwork  properties of a software component in this  combined network are able\nto predict if an entity is failure prone with greater accuracy than prior\nmethods which use dependency or contribution information in isolation.  We\nevaluate our approach in different settings by using it on Windows Vista and\nacross six releases of the Eclipse development environment including using\nmodels built from one release to predict failure prone components in the next\nrelease.  We compare this to previous work.  In every case, our method performs\nas well or better and is able to more accurately identify those software\ncomponents that have more post-release failures, with precision and recall\nrates as high as 85\\%.}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird","Adrian Bachmann","Eirik Aune","John Duffy","Abraham Bernstein","Vladimir Filkov","Premkumar Devanbu"],"editor":null,"year":"2009","title":"Fair and Balanced? Bias in Bug-Fix Datasets ","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the the Seventh joint meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on The Foundations of Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bird2009fbb","raw":"@inproceedings{bird2009fbb,\n\tAuthor = {Christian Bird and Adrian Bachmann and Eirik Aune and John Duffy and Abraham Bernstein and\n\tVladimir Filkov and Premkumar Devanbu},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the the Seventh joint meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on The Foundations of Software Engineering},\n\tLocation = {Amsterdam, Netherlands},\n\tTitle = {{Fair and Balanced? Bias in Bug-Fix Datasets} },\n\tYear = {2009},\n\tacceptance = {14\\%},\n\tdate = {7-12-2009},\n\tpublisher = {ACM},\n\tabbrv = {FSE 09},\n\tpdf = {bird2009fbb.pdf},\n\tabstract = {Software engineering researchers have long been interested in\nwhere and why bugs occur in code, and in predicting where they might\nturn up next. Historical bug-occurence data has been key to this\nresearch.  Bug tracking systems, and code version histories, record\nwhen, how and by whom bugs were fixed; from these sources,  datasets\nthat  relate file changes to bug fixes can be extracted. These\nhistorical datasets   can be used to test hypotheses concerning\nprocesses of bug introduction, and also to build statistical bug\nprediction models.  Unfortunately, processes and humans are imperfect,\nand only a fraction of bug fixes are actually labelled in source\ncode version histories, and thus become available for study in the\nextracted datasets. The question naturally arises, are the bug fixes\nrecorded in these historical datasets a fair representation of the full\npopulation of bug fixes?  In this paper, we investigate historical data\nfrom several software projects, and find strong evidence of systematic\nbias. We then investigate the potential effects of \"unfair,\nimbalanced\" datasets on the performance of prediction techniques.  We\ndraw the lesson that bias is a critical problem that threatens  both\nthe effectiveness of processes that rely on biased datasets to build\nprediction models and the generalizability of hypotheses tested on\nbiased data}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird","Peter C. Rigby","Earl T. Barr","David J. Hamilton","Daniel M. German","Prem Devanbu"],"editor":null,"year":"2009","title":"The Promises and Perils of Mining Git","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the Sixth Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bird2009ppm","raw":"@inproceedings{bird2009ppm,\n\tAddress = {Washington, DC, USA},\n\tAuthor = {Christian Bird and Peter C. Rigby and Earl T. Barr and David J. Hamilton and Daniel M. German and Prem Devanbu},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories},\n\tPublisher = {IEEE Computer Society},\n\tTitle = {{The Promises and Perils of Mining Git}},\n\tYear = {2009},\n\tacceptance = {28\\%},\n\tlocation = {Vancouver, Canada},\n\tabbrv = {MSR 09},\n\tdate = {3-28-2009},\n\tpdf = {bird2009ppm.pdf},\n\tabstract = {We are now witnessing the rapid growth of  decentralized source code\nmanagement (DSCM) systems, in which every developer has her own repository. \nDSCMs facilitate a style of collaboration in which\n work output can flow sideways (and privately)\n between collaborators, rather than always\nup and down (and publicly) via a central repository. \nDecentralization comes with both the promise of new data and the peril of its\nmisinterpretation. \nWe focus on git, a very popular DSCM used in high-profile projects. \nDecentralization, and other features of git, such as automatically recorded\ncontributor attribution, lead to richer content histories, \ngiving rise to new questions such as ``How do contributions flow\nbetween developers to the official project repository?''\nHowever, there are pitfalls. \nCommits may be reordered, deleted, or edited as they move between repositories.\nThe semantics of terms common to SCMs and DSCMs sometimes differ markedly,\npotentially creating confusion.  \nFor example, a commit is immediately visible\nto all developers in centralized SCMs, but not in DSCMs. \nOur goal is to help researchers interested in DSCMs avoid  these and other\nperils when mining and analyzing git data.}\n\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird","Earl Barr","Andre Nash","Premkumar Devanbu","Vladimir Filkov","Zhendong Su"],"editor":null,"year":"2009","title":"Structure and Dynamics of Research Collaboration in Computer Science ","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the Ninth SIAM International Conference on Data Mining","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bird2009sdr","raw":"@inproceedings{bird2009sdr,\n\tAuthor = {Christian Bird and Earl Barr and   Andre Nash and Premkumar Devanbu and Vladimir Filkov   and Zhendong Su},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth SIAM International Conference on Data Mining},\n\tLocation = {Sparks, Nevada, USA},\n\tPublisher = {SIAM},\n\tTitle = {{Structure and Dynamics of Research Collaboration in Computer Science} },\n\tYear = {2009},\n\tpages = {826--837},\n\tacceptance = {29\\%},\n\tacceptance_long = {29\\%\\footnote{SDM paper accepted in full as a poster presentation paper.  15\\% of papers accepted for presentation and 14\\% were accepted as for poster presentation.}},\n\tabbrv = {SDM 09},\n\tpdf = {bird2009sdr.pdf},\n\tshort_venue = {SDM 09},\n\tdate = {11-4-2009},\n\tabstract = {Complex systems exhibit emergent patterns of behavior at different levels of\norganization. Powerful network analysis methods, developed in physics and\nsocial sciences, have been successfully used to tease out patterns that\nrelate to community structure and network dynamics.  In this paper, we mine\nthe complex network of collaboration relationships in computer science, and\nadapt these network analysis methods to study collaboration and\ninterdisciplinary research at the individual, within-area and network-wide\nlevels.  \n<br>\nWe start with a collaboration graph extracted from the DBLP bibliographic\ndatabase and use extrinsic data to define research areas within computer\nscience.  Using topological measures on the collaboration graph, we find\nsignificant differences in the behavior of individuals among areas based on\ntheir collaboration patterns. We use community structure analysis,\nbetweenness centralization, and longitudinal assortativity as metrics within\neach area to determine how centralized, integrated, and cohesive they are.\nOf special interest is how research areas change with time. We\nlongitudinally examine the area overlap and migration patterns of authors,\nand empirically confirm some computer science folklore.\n<br>\nWe also examine the degree to which the research areas and their key\nconferences are interdisciplinary.  We find that data mining and software\nengineering are very interdisciplinary while theory and cryptography are\nnot.  Specifically, it appears that SDM and ICSE attract authors who publish\nin many areas while FOCS and STOC do not.  We also examine isolation both\nwithin and between areas.  One interesting discovery is that cryptography is\nhighly isolated within the larger computer science community, but densely\ninterconnected within itself.}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird","Nachiappan Nagappan","Premkumar Devanbu","Harald Gall","Brendan Murphy"],"editor":null,"year":"2009","title":"Does Distributed Development Affect Software Quality? An Empirical Case Study of Windows Vista ","award":null,"booktitle":null,"journal":"Communications of the ACM","entry_type":"article","key":"bird2009dddb","raw":"@article{bird2009dddb,\n\tAuthor = {Christian Bird and Nachiappan Nagappan and   Premkumar Devanbu and Harald Gall and Brendan Murphy},\n\tjournal = {Communications of the ACM},\n\tTitle = {{Does Distributed Development Affect Software Quality? An Empirical Case Study of Windows Vista} },\n\tpublisher = {ACM},\n\taddress = {New York, NY, USA},\n\tMonth = {August},\n\tvolume = {52},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\tpages = {85--93},\n\tpdf = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1536639},\n\tshort_venue = {CACM},\n\tYear = {2009},\n\tdate = {8-10-2009},\n\tacceptance = {Revised edition of ICSE paper invited to Research Highlights in CACM},\n\tabstract = {Existing literature on distributed \ndevelopment in software engineering, and other fields discuss various challenges, \nincluding cultural barriers, expertise transfer difficulties, and communication \nand coordination overhead.  Conventional wisdom, in  fact, holds \nthat distributed software development is riskier and \nmore challenging than collocated development. \nWe revisit this belief, empirically studying\nthe overall development of Windows Vista and comparing the post-release failures \nof components that were developed in a distributed fashion with those that were \ndeveloped by collocated teams.  We found a negligible difference in failures.  \nThis difference becomes even less significant when controlling for the number\nof developers working on a binary.  Furthermore, we also found that component characteristics\n(such as code churn, complexity, dependency information, and test code coverage)\ndiffer very little between distributed and collocated components.\nFinally, we  examine the software process used during the Vista\ndevelopment cycle and  examine how it may have\nmitigated some of the difficulties of distributed development\nintroduced in\nprior work in this area.}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird","Nachiappan Nagappan","Premkumar Devanbu","Harald Gall","Brendan Murphy"],"editor":null,"year":"2009","title":"Does Distributed Development Affect Software Quality? An Empirical   Case Study of Windows Vista ","award":"ACM Distinguished Paper Award","booktitle":"Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bird2009ddd","raw":"@inproceedings{bird2009ddd,\n\tAuthor = {Christian Bird and Nachiappan Nagappan and   Premkumar Devanbu and Harald Gall and Brendan Murphy},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software Engineering},\n\tLocation = {Vancouver, Canada},\n\tTitle = {{Does Distributed Development Affect Software Quality? An Empirical   Case Study of Windows Vista} },\n\tYear = {2009},\n\tpublisher = {IEEE Computer Society},\n\tpages = {518--528},\n\tacceptance = {12\\% Best Paper Award 1\\%},\n\taward = {ACM Distinguished Paper Award},\n\tabbrv = {ICSE 09},\n\tpdf = {bird2009ddd.pdf},\n\tdate = {2-12-2009},\n\tabstract = {Existing literature on distributed \ndevelopment in software engineering, and other fields discuss various challenges, \nincluding cultural barriers, expertise transfer difficulties, and communication \nand coordination overhead.  Conventional wisdom, in  fact, holds \nthat distributed software development is riskier and \nmore challenging than collocated development. \nWe revisit this belief, empirically studying\nthe overall development of Windows Vista and comparing the post-release failures \nof components that were developed in a distributed fashion with those that were \ndeveloped by collocated teams.  We found a negligible difference in failures.  \nThis difference becomes even less significant when controlling for the number\nof developers working on a binary.  Furthermore, we also found that component characteristics\n(such as code churn, complexity, dependency information, and test code coverage)\ndiffer very little between distributed and collocated components.\nFinally, we  examine the software process used during the Vista\ndevelopment cycle and  examine how it may have\nmitigated some of the difficulties of distributed development\nintroduced in\nprior work in this area.}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird","David Pattison","Raissa D'Souza","Vladimir Filkov","Premkumar Devanbu"],"editor":null,"year":"2008","title":"Latent Social Structure in Open Source Projects ","award":null,"booktitle":"SIGSOFT '08/FSE-16: Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium  on Foundations of Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bird2008lss","raw":"@inproceedings{bird2008lss,\n\tAddress = {New York, NY, USA},\n\tAuthor = {Christian Bird and David Pattison and Raissa D'Souza and   Vladimir Filkov and Premkumar Devanbu},\n\tBooktitle = {SIGSOFT '08/FSE-16: Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium  on Foundations of Software Engineering},\n\tLocation = {Atlanta, Georgia, USA},\n\tPages = {24--35},\n\tPublisher = {ACM},\n\tTitle = {{Latent Social Structure in Open Source Projects} },\n\tYear = {2008},\n\tacceptance = {20\\%},\n\tabbrv = {FSE 08},\n\tpdf = {bird2008lss.pdf},\n\tdate = {7-12-2008},\n\tshort_venue = {FSE 08},\n\tabstract = {Commercial software project managers design\nproject organizational structure carefully, mindful of available skills,\ndivision of labour, geographical boundaries, etc.  These organizational\n\t\"cathedrals\" are to be contrasted with the \"bazaar-like\" nature of\n\tOpen Source Software (OSS) Projects, which  have no pre-designed\n\torganizational structure.  Any structure that exists is dynamic,\nself-organizing, latent, and usually not explicitly stated.  Still, in  large,\ncomplex, successful, OSS projects, we do expect that subcommunities will form\n\tspontaneously within the developer  teams.  Studying these\n\tsubcommunities,  and  their behavior can shed light on how successful\n\tOSS projects  self-organize.  This phenomenon could well hold important\n\tlessons for how commercial software teams might be organized.  Building\n\ton known well-established techniques for detecting community structure\n\tin complex networks, we extract and study latent subcommunities from\n\tthe email social network of several projects: Apache HTTPD, Python,\nPostgresSQL, Perl, and Apache ANT.  We then validate them with software\n\tdevelopment activity history.  Our results show that subcommunities do\n\tindeed spontaneously arise within these projects as the projects\n\tevolve.  These subcommunities  manifest most strongly in technical\n\tdiscussions, and are significantly connected with collaboration\n\tbehaviour.}\n\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["David Pattison","Christian Bird","Premkumar Devanbu"],"editor":null,"year":"2008","title":"Talk and Work: a Preliminary Report ","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"pattison2008twp","raw":"@inproceedings{pattison2008twp,\n\tAddress = {New York, NY, USA},\n\tAuthor = {David Pattison and Christian Bird and Premkumar Devanbu},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories},\n\tDoi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1370750.1370776},\n\tIsbn = {978-1-60558-024-1},\n\tLocation = {Leipzig, Germany},\n\tPages = {113--116},\n\tPublisher = {ACM},\n\tTitle = {{Talk and Work: a Preliminary Report} },\n\tYear = {2008},\n\tacceptance = {40\\%},\n\tabbrv = {MSR 08},\n\tpdf = {pattison2008twp.pdf},\n\tdate = {4-3-2008},\n\tshort_venue = {MSR 08},\n\tabstract = {\n\t\tDevelopers in Open Source Software (OSS) projects communicate\nusing mailing lists. By convention, the mailing lists\nare used only for task-related discussions, so they are primarily\nconcerned with the software under development, and\nsoftware process issues (releases, etc.). We focus on the discussions\nconcerning the software, and study the frequency\nwith which software entities (functions, methods, classes,\netc) are mentioned in the mail. We find a strong, striking,\ncumulative relationship between this mention count in the\nemail, and the number of times these entities are included\nin changes to the software. When we study the same phenomena\nover a series of time-intervals, the relationship is\nmuch less strong. This suggests some interesting avenues\nfor future research.\n\t}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Zachary M. Saul","Vladimir Filkov","Premkumar Devanbu","Christian Bird"],"editor":null,"year":"2007","title":"Recommending Random Walks ","award":null,"booktitle":"ESEC-FSE '07: Proceedings of the the Sixth joint meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on The Foundations of Software Engineering","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"saul2007rrw","raw":"@inproceedings{saul2007rrw,\n\tAddress = {New York, NY, USA},\n\tAuthor = {Zachary M. Saul and Vladimir Filkov and Premkumar Devanbu and Christian Bird},\n\tBooktitle = {ESEC-FSE '07: Proceedings of the the Sixth joint meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on The Foundations of Software Engineering},\n\tDoi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287624.1287629},\n\tIsbn = {978-1-59593-811-4},\n\tLocation = {Dubrovnik, Croatia},\n\tPages = {15--24},\n\tPublisher = {ACM},\n\tTitle = {{Recommending Random Walks} },\n\tYear = {2007},\n\tacceptance = {17\\%, nominated for Best Paper},\n\tabbrv = {FSE 07},\n\tshort_venue = {FSE 07},\n\tdate = {7-3-2007},\n\tpdf = {fse-2007.pdf},\n\tabstract = {\nWe improve on previous recommender systems by taking\nadvantage of the layered structure of software. We use a\nrandom-walk approach, mimicking the more focused behavior\nof a developer, who browses the caller-callee links in the\ncallgraph of a large program, seeking routines that are likely\nto be related to a function of interest. Inspired by Kleinberg’s\nwork, we approximate the steady-state of an infinite random walk on a subset of a callgraph in order to rank\nthe functions by their steady-state probabilities. Surprisingly,\nthis purely structural approach works quite well. Our\napproach, like that of Robillard’s \"Suade\" algorithm, and\nearlier data mining approaches relies solely on the always\navailable current state of the code, rather than other\nsources such as comments, documentation or revision information.\nUsing the Apache API documentation as an oracle,\nwe perform a quantitative evaluation of our method, finding\nthat our algorithm dramatically improves upon Suade\nin this setting. We also find that the performance of traditional\ndata mining approaches is complementary to ours;\nthis leads naturally to an evidence-based combination of the\ntwo, which shows excellent performance on this task.\n\t}\n\t\t\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird","Alex Gourley","Prem Devanbu"],"editor":null,"year":"2007","title":"Detecting Patch Submission and Acceptance in OSS Projects ","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Mining Software Repositories","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bird2007dps","raw":"@inproceedings{bird2007dps,\n\tAddress = {Washington, DC, USA},\n\tAuthor = {Christian Bird and Alex Gourley and Prem Devanbu},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Mining Software Repositories},\n\tDoi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MSR.2007.6},\n\tIsbn = {0-7695-2950-X},\n\tPages = {26--35},\n\tPublisher = {IEEE Computer Society},\n\tTitle = {{Detecting Patch Submission and Acceptance in OSS Projects} },\n\tYear = {2007},\n\tacceptance = {38\\%},\n\tlocation = {Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA},\n\tabbrv = {MSR 07},\n\tpdf = {bird2007dps},\n\tshort_venue = {MSR 07},\n\tdate = {5-10-2007},\n\ttags = {mining, email, social networks},\n\tabstract = {\n\t\tThe success of open source software (OSS) is completely\ndependent on the work of volunteers who contribute\ntheir time and talents. The submission of\npatches is the major way that participants outside of\nthe core group of developers make contributions. We\nargue that the process of patch submission and acceptance\ninto the codebase is an important piece of the\nopen source puzzle and that the use of patch-related\ndata can be helpful in understanding how OSS projects\nwork. We present our methods in identifying the submission\nand acceptance of patches and give results and\nevaluation in applying these methods to the Apache\nwebserver, Python interpreter, Postgres SQL database,\nand (with limitations) MySQL database projects. In\naddition, we present valuable ways in which this data\nhas been and can be used.\n\t}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Michael Ogawa","Kwan-Liu Ma","Christian Bird","Premkumar T. Devanbu","Alex Gourley"],"editor":null,"year":"2007","title":"Visualizing Social Interaction in Open Source Software Projects ","award":null,"booktitle":"Sixth International Asia-Pacific Symposium on Visualization","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"ogawa2007vsi","raw":"@inproceedings{ogawa2007vsi,\n\tAuthor = {Michael Ogawa and Kwan-Liu Ma and Christian Bird and Premkumar T. Devanbu and                Alex Gourley},\n\tBooktitle = {Sixth International Asia-Pacific Symposium on Visualization},\n\tPages = {25--32},\n\tTitle = {{Visualizing Social Interaction in Open Source Software Projects} },\n\tYear = {2007},\n\tacceptance = {45\\%},\n\tabbrv = {APVIS 07},\n\tshort_venue = {APVIS 07},\n\tdate = {2-5-2007},\n\tpdf = {apvisogawa.pdf},\n\tabstract = {\n\t\tOpen source software projects such as Apache and Mozilla present\nan opportunity for information visualization. Since these projects\ntypically require collaboration between developers located far\napart, the amount of electronic communication between them is\nlarge. Our goal is to apply information visualization techniques\nto assist software engineering scientists and project managers with\nanalyzing the data.\n<br>\nWe present a visualization technique that provides an intuitive,\ntime-series, interactive summary view of the the social groups that\nform, evolve and vanish during the entire lifetime of the project.\nThis visualization helps software engineering researchers understand\nthe organization, structure, and evolution of the communication\nand collaboration activities of a large, complex software\nproject.\n\t}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird","Alex Gourley","Prem Devanbu","Anand Swaminathan","Greta Hsu"],"editor":null,"year":"2007","title":"Open Borders? Immigration in Open Source Projects ","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Mining Software Repositories","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bird2007obi","raw":"@inproceedings{bird2007obi,\n\tAddress = {Washington, DC, USA},\n\tAuthor = {Christian Bird and Alex Gourley and Prem Devanbu and Anand Swaminathan and Greta Hsu},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Mining Software Repositories},\n\tDoi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MSR.2007.23},\n\tIsbn = {0-7695-2950-X},\n\tPages = {6},\n\tPublisher = {IEEE Computer Society},\n\tTitle = {{Open Borders? Immigration in Open Source Projects} },\n\tYear = {2007},\n\tacceptance = {38\\%},\n\tlocation = {Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA},\n\tabbrv = {MSR 07},\n\tpdf = {bird2007obi.pdf},\n\tshort_venue = {MSR 07},\n\tdate = {5-10-2007},\n\ttags = {mining, email, social networks},\n\tabstract = {Open source software is built by teams of volunteers.\nEach project has a core team of developers, who have\nthe authority to commit changes to the repository; this\nteam is the elite, committed foundation of the project,\nselected through a meritocratic process from a larger\nnumber of people who participate on the mailing list.\nMost projects carefully regulate admission of outsiders\nto full developer privileges; some projects even have\nformal descriptions of this process. Understanding the\nfactors that influence the \"who, how and when\" of this\nprocess is critical, both for the sustainability of FLOSS\nprojects, and for outside stakeholders who want to gain\nentry and succeed. In this paper we mount a quantitative\ncase study of the process by which people join\nFLOSS projects, using data mined from the Apache web\nserver, Postgres, and Python. We develop a theory of\nopen source project joining, and evaluate this theory\nbased on our data.}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird","Alex Gourley","Prem Devanbu","Michael Gertz","Anand Swaminathan"],"editor":null,"year":"2006","title":"Mining Email Social Networks ","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Mining software repositories","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bird2006mes","raw":"@inproceedings{bird2006mes,\n\tAddress = {New York, NY, USA},\n\tAuthor = {Christian Bird and Alex Gourley and Prem Devanbu and Michael Gertz and Anand Swaminathan},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Mining software repositories},\n\tDoi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1137983.1138016},\n\tIsbn = {1-59593-397-2},\n\tLocation = {Shanghai, China},\n\tPages = {137--143},\n\tPublisher = {ACM},\n\tTitle = {{Mining Email Social Networks} },\n\tYear = {2006},\n\tacceptance = {35\\%},\n\tdate = {4-10-2006},\n\tshort_venue = {MSR 06},\n\tabbrv = {MSR 06},\n\ttags = {mining, social networks, email},\n\tpdf = {msr06.pdf},\n\tabstract = {\n\t\tCommunication and Coordination activities are central to\nlarge software projects, but are difficult to observe and study\nin traditional (closed-source, commercial) settings because\nof the prevalence of informal, direct communication modes.\nOSS projects, on the other hand, use the internet as the\ncommunication medium, and typically conduct discussions\nin an open, public manner. As a result, the email archives\nof OSS projects provide a useful trace of the communication\nand co-ordination activities of the participants. However,\nthere are various challenges that must be addressed\nbefore this data can be effectively mined. Once this is done,\nwe can construct social networks of email correspondents,\nand begin to address some interesting questions. These include\nquestions relating to participation in the email; the\nsocial status of different types of OSS participants; the relationship\nof email activity and commit activity (in the CVS\nrepositories) and the relationship of social status with commit\nactivity. In this paper, we begin with a discussion of\nour infrastructure and then discuss our approach to mining\nthe email archives; and finally we present some preliminary\nresults from our data analysis.\n\t}\n}"}},{"node":{"authors":["Christian Bird","Alex Gourley","Prem Devanbu","Michael Gertz","Anand Swaminathan"],"editor":null,"year":"2006","title":"Mining Email Social Networks in Postgres ","award":null,"booktitle":"Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Mining software repositories (Challenge Track)","journal":null,"entry_type":"inproceedings","key":"bird2006mesp","raw":"@inproceedings{bird2006mesp,\n\tAddress = {New York, NY, USA},\n\tAuthor = {Christian Bird and Alex Gourley and Prem Devanbu and Michael Gertz and Anand Swaminathan},\n\tBooktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Mining software repositories (Challenge Track)},\n\tDoi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1137983.1138033},\n\tIsbn = {1-59593-397-2},\n\tLocation = {Shanghai, China},\n\tPages = {185--186},\n\tPublisher = {ACM},\n\tTitle = {{Mining Email Social Networks in Postgres} },\n\tYear = {2006},\n\tdate = {4-10-2006},\n\tshort_venue = {MSR 06},\n\tabbrv = {MSR '06},\n\tpdf = {msrchallenge2006.pdf},\n\ttags = {mining, social networks, email},\n\tabstract = {Open Source Software (OSS) projects provide a unique opportunity\nto gather and analyze publicly available historical data. The Postgres\nSQL server, for example, has over seven years of recorded development\nand communication activity. We mined data from both\nthe source code repository and the mailing list archives to examine\nthe relationship between communication and development in Postgres.\nAlong the way, we had to deal with the difficult challenge of\nresolving email aliases. We used a number of social network analysis\nmeasures and statistical techniques to analyze this data. We\npresent our findings in this 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